Lungs restrictive diseases

Early restrictive lung disease Infection Pneumothorax Pulmonary edema Pulmonary embolism Tissue hypoxia Burn injury Excessive mechanical ventilation Fever... 

On the same axes, draw a horizontal line at a lower FVC than normal to act as a target end point. Restrictive lung disease curtails the FVC but generally does not affect early expiration. For this reason, the FEVi/FVC ratio is normal or high. In the graph above, the ratio is 85%, giving a FEVi of 3000 ml for a FVC of 3500 ml. Construct the curve in the same way as before. 

The fourth condition, termed pulmonary disease-anemia syndrome, is characterized by dyspnea, hemoptysis, pulmonary infiltrates, restrictive lung disease, and anemia. It occurs with high-dose exposure to fumes when heated metal surfaces are sprayed with TMAN-containing materials. High titers of antibody to trimellityl-human proteins and -erythroqn es have been found in affected workers. 

Respiratory system (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD emphysema, chronic bronchitis], acute obstructive lung disease [asthma], chronic restrictive lung disease [connective tissue lung disease])... 

Q5 Restrictive lung disease reduces lung capacity and results in rapid, shallow breathing. This type of respiration tends to wash C02 out of the lung and may result in an increase in blood pH. Gas exchange in alveoli is reduced or inadequate because of the poor expansion of lung tissue, so the arterial P02 of arterial blood may also be rather low. 

Restrictive lung disease is defined as an inability to get air into the lung. It is best defined as a reduction in total lung capacity (TLC) but is suspected when the forced vital capacity (FVC) is low and the FEVi/FVC is normal. 

Restrictive lung disease can be produced by a number of defects increased elastic recoil (interstitial lung disease), respiratory muscle weakness (myasthenia gravis), mechanical restrictions (pleural effusion), and poor effort. 

FIGURE 25-4. A. Flow-volume loop depicting mild obstruction characterized by decrease flow at low lung volumes. B. Moderate airflow obstruction characterized by a more concave curve. C. Variable intrathoracic obstruction in which peak flow is decreased at higher lung volumes with normalization of curve at lower lung volumes. D. Restrictive lung disease with a curve that is decreased in width but with a normal shape. 

Restrictive lung disease is defined as an inabihty to get air into the lungs and to maintain normal lung volumes. Restrictive lung disease reduces aU the subdivisions of lung volumes (IRV, Vj, ERV, and RV) without reducing airflow. These patients have normal airway resistance, and their FEVi/FVC ratio is greater than 75%. 

Rarely, azathioprine and its major metabohte 6-mercaptopurine have been reported to produce an acute restrictive lung disease. Procarbazine, a methylhydrazine associated more commonly with Loef-fler s syndrome, rarely has been associated with pulmonary fibrosis. The vinca alkaloids vinblastine and vindesine have been reported to produce severe respiratory toxicity in association with mitomycin. The incidence with the combination is 39% and may represent a true synergistic effect between these agents. ... 

Late pulmonary complications cover a wide spectrum of disorders and include both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Included in these disorders are bronchiolitis obliterans with or without organizing pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. 9,80 xjjgj- py consists of steroids, which are... 

In recent years, many new tests have been developed to assess pulmonary function in man. Here are presented the general principles, methodology, and clinical significance of the major lung function tests used in the diagnosis of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Obstructive diseases of the lung... 

Prognosis favorable with a variable clinical course D. Obstructive versus Restrictive Lung Disease... 

Obstructive Airway Disease Restrictive Lung Disease... 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS produces talcosis due to talc, silica and asbestos (talc pneumoconiosis) productive cough dyspnea rales diminished breath sounds limited chest expansion interstitial fibrosis granulomas chronic talc inhalation may increase the risk of bronchogenic carcinoma pneumoconiosis associated with obstructive and restrictive lung disease has been reported. 

Steen VD, Conte C, Owens GR, et al. Severe restrictive lung-disease in systemic-sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1994 37(9) 1283-1289. 

Marciniuk DD, Watts RE, Gallagher CG. Reproducibility of incremental maximal cycle ergometer testing in patients with restrictive lung disease. Thorax 1993 48(9) 894-898. 

Brack T, Jubran A, Tobin MJ. Dyspnea and decreased variability of breathing in patients with restrictive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Cate Med 2002 165(9) 1260-1264. 

Goldberg A, Leger P, Hill NS, et al. Clinical indications for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in chronic respiratory failure due to restrictive lung disease, COPD, and nocturnal hypoventilation-a consensus conference report. Chevy Chase, MD National Association for Medical Direction of Respiratory Care, 1999 521-534. 

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