Irritation, acute

Human Odor, visibility, nasopharyngeal and eye irritation Acute respiratory disease Chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer... 

Salicylism and death have occurred following topical application. In an adult, 1 g of a topically applied 6% salicylic acid preparation will raise the serum salicylate level not more than 0.5 mg/dL of plasma the threshold for toxicity is 30-50 mg/dL. Higher serum levels are possible in children, who are therefore at a greater risk for salicylism. In cases of severe intoxication, hemodialysis is the treatment of choice (see Chapter 58). It is advisable to limit both the total amount of salicylic acid applied and the frequency of application. Urticarial, anaphylactic, and erythema multiforme reactions may occur in patients who are allergic to salicylates. Topical use may be associated with local irritation, acute inflammation, and even ulceration with the use of high concentrations of salicylic acid. Particular care must be exercised when using the drug on the extremities of patients with diabetes or peripheral vascular disease. 

Dibutyl sebacate is used in cosmetics, foods, and oral pharmaceutical formulations, and is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material. Following oral administration, dibutyl sebacate is metabolized in the same way as fats. In humans, direct eye contact and prolonged or repeated contact with the skin may cause very mild irritation. Acute animal toxicity tests and long-term animal feeding studies have shown no serious adverse effects to be associated with orally administered dibutyl sebacate. 

Nitrite is a severe respiratory, eye, and skin irritant. Acute exposure to high levels of nitrites can be fatal. Exposure may cause visual field defects, hypotension, tachycardia, respiratory depression, and cyanosis due to formation of methemoglobinemia. Symptoms may... 

RTECS CLASS OF COMPOUND Primary Irritant. Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) 6500 mg/kg [Mouse], Lowest Published Toxic Oral Dose (TDLo) 270 gm/kg/90D-C [Rat], Not listed as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP, ACGIH or OSHA. 

RTECS CLASS OF COMPOUND Organometallic Mutagen Reproductive Effector Primary Irritant. Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) 22600 pL/kg [Rat] acute dermal toxicity (LD50) 3970 pl/kg [Rabbit],... 

Ballantyne, B., Snellings, W. M., and Norris, J. C. (2006). Respiratory peripheral chemosensory irritation, acute and repeated exposure toxicity studies with aerosols of triethylene glycol. J Appl Toxicol 26(5), 387-396. 

Selenium dioxide is formed when selenium is heated in air. Direct exposure to selenium dioxide is, therefore, primarily an occupational hazard and not likely to be a risk at hazardous waste sites. Selenium dioxide forms selenious acid on contact with water, including perspiration, and can cause severe irritation. Acute inhalation of large quantities of selenium dioxide powder can produce pulmonary edema as a result of the local irritant effect on alveoli (Glover 1970). Bronchial spasms, symptoms of asphyxiation, and persistent bronchitis have been noted in workers briefly exposed to high concentrations of selenium dioxide (Wilson 1962). Kinnigkeit (1962) reported that selenium dioxide concentrations of 0.007-0.05 mg selenium/m3 in a selenium rectifier plant produced slight tracheobronchitis in 9 of 62 exposed workers. 

The first monoterpene found to have anthelmintic activity was ascaridole (6) which, alone or as a component of plant extracts, has been used in the treatment of hookworm infection [37]. Ascaridole is also a potent in vitro inhibitor (LC 0.05 jiM) of the development of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum [173]. Thymol also exhibits anthelmintic activity, but is too toxic to be considered for use in animals and humans [37]. Since many monoterpenes taken internally in high doses are known to cause problems (irritation, acute toxicity) [174], more attention has been paid to evaluating these compounds against phytoparasitic nematodes. 

Mild skin irritant acute oral toxicity low to very low the lethal oral doses varied between 3,000 and 4,000 mg/kg, depending on the species ingestion could cause injury to liver, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and thyroid LD50 oral (rats) 3,370 mg/kg no signs of toxicity were observed in animals inhaling vapors irritation of eyes and nose occurred in rabbits exposed to a concentration of 10 ppm in air exposure limits TLV-TWA 6.96 mg/m ... 

Mild irritant acute oral toxicity in animals very low oral LD50 value (rats) 7000 mg/kg carcinogenic to animals oral administration caused blood and liver tumors in mice and rats carcinogenicity animal limited evidence, no evidence in humans. 

Sensory irritation Acute seconds to minutes after exposure Excellent Lactic acid, cosmetics, urticariants... 

Chlorine dioxide is a mucosal irritant acute exposure can cause eye, nasal, throat, and lung irritation. Prolonged exposure can cause bronchitis, reactive airways disease and pulmonary edema. Its health effects are not cumulative. Chlorite is one of its disinfection byproducts can be capable of inducing hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia also commonly associated with oxidative stress. 

Toxicology Very low eye irritation, low to moderate skin irritation acute oral > 5.0... 

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