Lobar pneumonia

Magnesium vanadates, as vanadium compounds in general, are known irritants of the respiratory tract and conjunctiva. The threshold limit value (TLV) for vanadium compounds in air recommended by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health is 0.05 mg/m based on a typical 8-h workday and 40-h workweek (7,147). Chronic inhalation can lead to lung diseases such as bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and lobar pneumonia. These dust-related effects can be avoided by use of individual respirators in areas where exposure is likely. 

As the name implies, these organisms grow in pairs, otherwise they are similar to streptococci and are now referred to as streptococci. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the causal agent of acute lobar pneumonia and also of meningitis, peritonitis and conjunctivitis. This organism can also initiate an invasive infection. 

Lobar pneumonia. An acute febrile disease produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and marked by inflammation of one or more lobes of the lung, together with consolidation. It is attended with chill, followed by sudden elevation of temperature, dyspnea, rapid breathing, pain in the side, and cough, with blood-stained expectoration. The symptoms abate after 1 week. 

Symptoms suggestive of toxicity at therapeutic serum concentrations also occurred in a 49-year-old man taking lithium (0.7 mmol/1), carbamazepine, and trifluperidol, who developed persistent cerebellar deterioration during a febrile episode of lobar pneumonia (179). 

Bischof F, Melms A, Fetter M. Persistent cerebellar deterioration in a patient with lobar pneumonia under lithium, carbamazepine, and trifluperidol treatment. Eur Psychiatry 1999 14(3) 175-6. 

Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae may cause both toxic liver damage and pneumococcal hepatitis with focal necroses, leading to the corresponding laboratory findings. In lobar pneumonia, jaundice (= biliary pneumonia) frequently occurs in the so-called grey hepatization stage. In addition to predominantly bacterial haemolytic jaundice, increased transaminases (20%) and cholestasis (10%) are found. The condition always regresses completely. A liver abscess induced by pneumococci is a rare event. (3-5, 9)... 

Tugwell, R, Williams, A.O. Jaundice associated with lobar pneumonia. Quart. J. Med. 1977 46 97-118... 

Robertson, O.H. and Uhley, C.G. (1938). Changes occurring in the macrophage system of the lungs in pneumococcus lobar pneumonia. J. CUn. Invest. 15, 115-130. 

Saverymuttu, S.H., Phillips, G., Peters, A.M. and Lavender, J.P. (1985). Indium-III autologous leucocyte scanning in lobar pneumonia and lung abscesses. Thorax 40, 925-930. 

For similar routes and forms of mercury, the adverse health effects seen in children are similar to the effects seen in adults. For example, a young child who was intoxicated with mercury vapor, died of pulmonary edema and had a grayish, necrotic mucosa of the stomach and duodenum (Campbell 1948). These effects are similar to those seen in adult populations occupationally exposures to inhaled metallic mercury vapors. Respiratory effects in adults from inhalation of metallic mercury vapor include pulmonary edema, lobar pneumonia, fibrosis, desquamation of the bronchiolar epithelium, and death in severe cases due to respiratory failure (Gore and Harding 1987 Jaffe et al. 1983 Kanluen and Gottlieb 1991 Matthes et al. 1958 Taueg et al. 1992 Teng and Brennan 1959 Tennant et al. 1961). 

McKinlayR. 1933. The creosote treatment of lobar pneumonia. J Royal Army Med Corps 61 54-55. 

R. Heffron, Pneumonia, with Special Reference to Pneumococcus Lobar Pneumonia, Commonwealth Fund, New York, N. Y., 1939. 

Indications Yang ming qi division exuberance of heat. Gingivitis, encephalitis B, epidemic meningitis, diabetes mellitus, lobar pneumonia, high fever due to febrile disease, erysipelas, scarlatina, measles, common cold, flus, anxiety and emotional disorders, eczema, and pruritus... 

Consolidation Blockage of air spaces as a result of fibrin deposits in lobar pneumonia. 

Lobar pneumonia Type of pneumonia that affects one or more of the five major lobes of the lungs. 

Pleurisy Inflammation of pleural membranes that causes painfiil breathing often accompanies lobar pneumonia. 

Figure 9.5 (See color insert) White blood cell scans of neutrophil migration (left) with PET images (right) in a patient 3 days after onset of symptoms of acute lobar pneumonia (top) and a patient with chronic bronchiectasis (bottom). White blood cell scans are clearly negative in pneumonia and positive in bronchiectasis. PET scans show transmission image, initial distribution after intravenous injection of FDG and localization to affected lobe in the patient with pneumonia at 1 h. There is no apparent increase in FDG uptake in the patient with bronchiectasis. [Adapted from Jones et al. (23).]...

Jones HA, Sriskandan S, Peters AM, Pride NB, Boobis AR, Haslett C. Dissociation of neutrophil emigration and metabolic activity in lobar pneumonia and bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J 1997 10 795-803. 

Watson and Percival examined pneumonia mortality rates in children at comparable inner-city hospitals. Children treated for bronchopneumonia with manipulation at Los Angeles County Osteopathic Hospital had a 10.66% mortality rate, versus 2 9.6% at an allopathic hospital. Lobar pneumonia had essentially the same mortality rate, with findings of 11,2% versus 10.8% for the respective hospitals. These were in the time before antibiotics. 

---