Lungs specific diseases

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis a group of respiratory diseases that cause inflammation of the lung (specifically granulomatous cells). Most forms of... 

This chapter addresses immunosuppressive drugs, or immunosuppressants, that are currently available to prevent the rejection of transplants or to treat specific diseases caused by an autoimmune response. Clearly, these drugs must be used very cautiously because too much suppression of the immune system will increase a patient s susceptibility to infection from foreign pathogens. Likewise, these drugs are rather toxic and often cause a number of adverse effects to the kidneys, lungs, musculoskeletal system, and other tissues. Nonetheless, immunosuppressive agents are often life-... 

Proteolytic enzymes (proteases) are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes including digestion, fertilization, coagulation, and the immune response. Outside of their normal environment, proteases can be extremely destructive and natural human plasma inhibitors inhibit most proteases that escape. Imbalance in protease-protease inhibitor systems can lead to a number of diseases of which pulmonary emphysema is one well-characterized example. This disease results when the protease elastase attacks elas-tin, the major elastic protein in the lung. Considerable effort has been devoted to the synthesis of inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes such as elastase for possible therapeutic use. In the future, specific and selective synthetic protease inhibitors should be useful for treating specific diseases that range from the common cold to chronic disorders such as emphysema. 

Ability of host cells to home diseased sites after ex vivo manipuladon is a fundamental requirement and a major problem for their use as vehicles to target locally acting gene therapy to specific diseased sites. It was demonsd ated that in the short term, up to 2h after re-implantadon, macrophages accumulate primarily in the lungs and, to a lesser extent, in the liver and spleen rather than in the target diseased dssue. A small proportion of... 

Since many of the principles of immunopharmacology cut across specific diseases, particular attention was paid to include aspects of disease pathogenesis that are common to many lung disorders. Two examples of this are the chapters on mechanisms of fibrosis by Dr R. Shaw and a focus on the resolution of inflammatory responses... 

Determining appropriate use of supplemental oxygen therapy Assessment of the effect of a rehabil itation program Evaluation of specific disease states or conditions (e.g., asthma COPD interstitial lung disease pulmonary vascular disorders coronary artery disease other vascular disorders neuromuscular disorders obesity anxiety-induced hyperventilation)... 

Exposure is usually by inhalation. It s compounds can cause dermatitis, acute pnemnonitis, acute lung disease and a specific disease (beryllium disease), that erodes the limgs leading to lung cancer, making it hard to walk, causing severe pain and exhaustion, and usually resulting in a slow, painful death by suffocation. 

Brody AS, Tiddens HA, Castile RG et al. (2005) Computed tomography in the evaluation of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Am J Respir Grit Care Med 172 1246-1252 Carden KA, Boiselle PM, Waltz DA, Ernst A (2005) Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults an in-depth review. Chest 127 984-1005 Cartier Y, Kavanagh PV, Johkoh T, Mason AC, Muller NL (1999) Bronchiectasis accuracy of high-resolution CT in the differentiation of specific diseases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 173 47-52... 

People who are exposed to ACM are at a higher risk for lung diseases. Several specific diseases are directly related to exposure to asbestos. Three of the major health effects associated with asbestos exposure includes ... 

Inhalation of certain fine dusts may constitute a health hazard. Eor example, exposure to siUca, asbestos, and beryllium oxide dusts over a period of time results ki the potential risk of lung disease. OSHA regulations specify the allowable levels of exposure to kigestible and respkable materials. Material Safety Data Sheets, OSHA form 20, available from manufacturers, provide information about hazards, precautions, and storage pertinent to specific refractory products. 

In the past number of years a number of studies have shown that in a variety of diseases there is a significant oxidation of Met residues to Met(O) in specific proteins that results in a loss of biological activity. These diseases include cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis, adult respiratory distress syndrome and emphysema. The most convincing evidence that Met(O) in proteins may be involved in the etiology of a pathological condition comes from studies with a-l-PI. It is well accepted that a-l-PI is inactivated upon oxidation of its Met residues. A decreased activity of a-l-PI in lung tissue that would result in an increased elastase activity has been associated with pulmonary emphysema. In patients who have a... 

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