Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lung transplantation

Lung transplantation has been used in the treatment of lung disease associated with ax-antitrypsin deficiency. Survival is the same as for patients undergoing the procedure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. As with any transplantation, lifelong immunosuppression is necessary. 

Kotlyar E, Keogh AM, Macdonald PS, Arnold RH, McCaffrey DJ, GlanviUe AR. TolerabUity of carvedilol in patients with heart failure and ccncomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma J Heart Lung Transplant (2002), 21,1290-5. 

In 1983 the Toronto Lung Transplant Group (1986) performed the first single-lung transplantations for patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and advanced pulmonary fibrosis. Their technique was later expanded to bilateral sequential single-lung transplantation for patients with bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. 

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