Deprivation

Quantitative eomparisons of aromatic reactivities were made by using the competitive method with solutions of nitronium tetrafluoroborate in sulpholan, and a concentration of aromatic compounds 10 times that of the salt. To achieve this condition considerable proportions of the aromatic compoimds were added to the medium, thus depriving the sulpholan of its role as true solvent thus, in the nitration of the alkyl- and halogeno-benzenes, the description of the experimental method shows that about 50-60 cm of mixed aromatic compounds were dissolved in a total of 130 cm of sulpholan. 

Best Mode. The patent appHcant must disclose the best mode of practicing the invention known to the inventor at the time the appHcation is filed. Concerns over best mode often arise when a patent appHcant seeks patent protection for an invention but, at the same time, desires to keep as a trade secret one aspect of the invention necessary to the production of a commercial product. This action denies the pubHc access to this information and undermines the poHcies of the patent system. This would effectively deprive the pubHc of information on the amount of disclosure made in exchange for the 17-yr patent grant, and hence it invaHdates the patent grant. 

All these polyesters are produced by bacteria in some stressed conditions in which they are deprived of some essential component for thek normal metabohc processes. Under normal conditions of balanced growth the bacteria utilizes any substrate for energy and growth, whereas under stressed conditions bacteria utilize any suitable substrate to produce polyesters as reserve material. When the bacteria can no longer subsist on the organic substrate as a result of depletion, they consume the reserve for energy and food for survival or upon removal of the stress, the reserve is consumed and normal activities resumed. This cycle is utilized to produce the polymers which are harvested at maximum cell yield. This process has been treated in more detail in a paper (71) on the mechanism of biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyaIkanoate)s. 

SCE increases absolute colony number and surviving fraction of CEU-E, CEU-G, and CEU-GM in kradiated human BM. An increase in the fraction of CDSd cells in the radioresistant S-phase has been noted, which suggests a possible mechanism (184). A cautionary note has been sounded about attempting to predict interactions between SCE and CSEs in hemopoieticaHy deprived individuals (185). Although SCE synergizes with GM-CSE or GM-CSE and lL-3 to increase CEU-GM in vitro, no such effect has been found in vivo. 

Whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances the radiosensitivity of human squamous ceU carcinoma cells in vitro (197), addition of EGF to hormone-deprived MCE-7 breast cancer cells prior to irradiation results ia iacreased radioresistance (198). An anti-EGE-receptor monoclonal antibody blocks the abiUty of EGE to enhance growth and radioresistance. Tumor cells, the growth of which is stimulated by EGE, appear to be protected those where growth is iohibited are sensitized (198). 

Cardiac arrhythmias are an important cause of morbidity and mortality approximately 400,000 people per year die from myocardial infarctions (MI) in the United States alone. Individuals with MI exhibit some form of dysrhythmia within 48 h. Post-mortem examinations of MI victims indicate that many die in spite of the fact that the mass of ventricular muscle deprived of its blood supply is often quite small. These data suggest that the cause of death is ventricular fibrillation and that the immediate availability of a safe and efficacious antiarrhythmic agent could have prolonged a number of Hves. The goals of antiarrhythmic therapy are to reduce the incidence of sudden death and to alleviate the symptoms of arrhythmias, such as palpitations and syncope. Several excellent reviews of the mechanisms of arrhythmias and the pharmacology of antiarrhythmic agents have been pubflshed (1,2). 

Although essential amino acids are requited by both host and tumor, deprivation of select essential amino acids for 2—3 weeks is tolerated by the host yet exerts a pronounced antiproliferative effect on the tumor. Thus, treatment of mice with indole-3-alkane-a-hydroxylase [63363-76-8] from Pseudomonas, which transforms L-tryptophan [73-22-3] to 3-indolylglycaldehyde, lowers the concentration of L-tryptophan in plasma, brain, and lungs, and inhibits the growth of a variety of tumors (32—34). 

Despite the attractions of economic forces driving environmental protection, some cautions and failures have been noted. Firstly, the export of hazardous waste to countries where costs for treatment are lower enhances environmental risks during transport and has the potential for transboundary export in the event of pollution. At the same time, the loss of raw material may deprive the home market of an adequate supply of feedstock for the home-based industry. Secondly, there is considerable scepticism that self-regulation of TBT-based antifoulants could be achieved in a timely manner by the shipping industry. This is an instance where the cost benehts to one industry are born by another commercial sector, notably aquaculture. Thus, protection of the marine environment is likely to be aided by economic factors but the role of government, via taxation and standard setting, is not likely to be usurped. Public education and, in turn, pressure, can promote and support corporate environmentalism. 

D. Agents which act on the blood or hematopoietic system Decreases hemoglobin function deprive body tissues of oxygen ... 

Absorption - Processes water can be removed from a material by the capillary action of porous bodies. An example is the cream of clay and water used for casting pottery, which is deprived of the greater part of its water by placing it in molds of plaster of Paris. The capillary character of this mold withdraws the water from the liquid clay mixture and deposits upon itself a layer of solid clay, the thickness of which is controlled by the time of standing. Certain types of candies, such as gumdrops, are dried mainly by contact with the starch molds in which they are cast. The drying effect of sponges, towels and materials of this kind is due to this same action. 

The disadvantage in war periods of relying on a single source of supply for an essential commodity became evident when Java was invaded by the Japanese in March 1942, the world being thereby deprived of about 90 per cent, of its customary supply of cinchona bark. Quinine was ther still considered an indispensable drug for the treatment of malaria an<3 its use had to be restricted to that purpose stocks of quinidine wew similarly reserved for use in cardiac disease, In efforts to deal with th<... 

Mesaconitinone on acid hydrolysis loses a molecule of acetic acid to form benzmesaconinone, Cjj H4j OiqN, and when heated at 175/15 mm. in hydrogen loses water and methyl alcohol forming demethanolanhydro-mesaconitinone, CgaHgjOjN, m.p. 194°, [a] ° -)- 26-24° (CHClj), which can be deprived of its acetyl and benzoyl radicals to yield demethanol-mesaconinone, 23 33 8 ni.p. 250—2 (dec.), -f- 76-5. ... 

Employee Suffers Oxygen Deprivation, Safety Note No. DOE/EH-0110. U.S. Dept, of Energy. Washington, D.C., Oct. 1989. 

The effects of chronic sleep deprivation or cumulative minor sleep losses have been relatively under investigated. Little is known about the relationships among the size of the sleep deficit, its rate of accumulation, the amount and timing of optimum recovery sleep, and their effect on human performance and productivity. 

In conditions of acute sleep deprivation, "microsleeps" will occur more and more often. These very short sleeps do not have the recuperative value of normal sleep, and the sleep-deprived person still feels sleepy and performance still degrades even though there may be a large number of microsleep periods. 

Most sleep deprivation experiments have used mentally and physically healthy young adults. For other types of individuals, particularly older people for whom the sleep function deteriorates in general, and also for "real world" conditions, sleep deprivation may be more significant. 

In one plant, the operating procedures required that valve A should be placed into the "manual closed position." The process worker misinterpreted this information and instead of placing the valve controller in the manual position, he closed the block valve manually and deprived the plant of an essential feed. 

Heterocyclic chemistry is of the utmost practical and theoretical importance. Heterocyclic compounds are in use as pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, herbicides, plastics, and for many other purposes the industries producing and researching into these products provide employment for a large fraction of all chemists. On the theoretical side, heterocyclic chemistry has provided a host of interesting concepts and structures. Yet, the subject is often deprived of the importance it deserves it is said that it is possible to complete work at graduate schools of some universities without having attended a lecture course dealing specifically with heterocyclic chemistry. 

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