Noise sleep deprivation

One reason why sleep tends to be inadequate during continuous operations is that even when they are sleep-deprived, commanders and soldiers are not always able to take full advantage of emergent opportunities to sleep. Their only opportunity for sleep may occur during the ascending phase of the circadian alertness rhythm, or the sleep environment may not be conducive because of noise, light, commotion, etc. It is under these operational circumstances that pharmacological enhancement of sleep may be useful. 

Gunter TC, van der Zande RD, Wiethoff M, Mulder G, Mulder LJ. Visual selective attention during meaningful noise and after sleep deprivation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1987 4099-107. 

Tassi P, Nicolas A, Seegmuller C. Interaction of the alerting effect of noise with partial sleep deprivation and circadian rhythmicity of vigilance. Percept Mot Skills 1993 77 1236-1248. 

During hospitalization, helping tlie patient sleep is an important part of the management of illness. Hospitalized patients are in unfamiliar surrounding tliat are unlike the home situation. There are noises and h its at ni it, which often interfere witli or interrupt sleep. Sleep deprivation may interfere witli tlie healing process tlierefore, a hypnotic may be given. These dni also may be prescribed for short-term use as hyimotics after discharge from tlie hospital. 

Everything that makes a task more attention-demanding makes it more effortful. A task can also become very effortful if the task performer is very tired, works under conditions of extreme environmental noise, has been deprived of sleep, and so on. We believe that these two aspects of effort become manifest in different ways and in different psychophysiological indices and as a consequence should also be measured and approached in different ways. 

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