Drying effect

The efficiency ranking of desiccants in drying air is not always the same as that observed in drying other materials. Other materials may interact with the desiccants to reduce drying effectiveness. From a study of the efficiency of some 25 desiccants for drying several families of laboratory solvents and reagents it was concluded that molecular sieves are the desiccants of choice in most cases (9—17). 

Side effects associated with narcotics include nausea, anorexia, and constipation most of them also diminish ciUary activity and produce a drying effect on the respiratory tract mucosa. 

Absorption - Processes water can be removed from a material by the capillary action of porous bodies. An example is the cream of clay and water used for casting pottery, which is deprived of the greater part of its water by placing it in molds of plaster of Paris. The capillary character of this mold withdraws the water from the liquid clay mixture and deposits upon itself a layer of solid clay, the thickness of which is controlled by the time of standing. Certain types of candies, such as gumdrops, are dried mainly by contact with the starch molds in which they are cast. The drying effect of sponges, towels and materials of this kind is due to this same action. 

The nurse must not administer antihistaminesto patients with lower respiratory tract diseases If the nurse administers these drugs to patients with disorders such as asthma, the drying effect on the respiratory tract may cause thickening of the respiratory secretionsand make expectoration more difficult. 

Rare drying effect, local irritation, including erythema, pruritus, burning sensation Burning, stinging, itching, worsening of the condition, contact dermatis, erythema, irritation... 

The saponification process results in about 75 percent soap and 25 percent glycerin. In homemade soaps, the glycerin is left in, as it acts as an emollient (skin softener) and creates a nice feel. In commercial soaps, the glycerin is often removed and sold separately, sometimes showing up in skin moisturizers that remedy soap s skin-drying effects. 

Raffin, R. P., Jornada, D. S., Re, M. L, Pohimann, A. R. Guterres, S. S. (2006). Sodium pantoprazole-loaded enteric microparticles prepared by spray drying Effect of the scale of production and process validation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Vol. 324,1, (October 2006), pp. (10-18), ISSN 0378-5173... 

The drying effect of astringents will decrease oozing from lesions and relieve itching.25,26 Due to their ability to cause blood vessel constriction, astringents can also decrease inflammation. 

S. T. Tzannis and S. J. Prestrelski, Activity-stability considerations of trypsinogen during spray drying Effects of sucrose, J. Pharm. Sci, 88(3), 351 (1999). 

Symptom relief is caused in part by anticholinergic properties, which are responsible for the drying effect that reduces nasal, salivary, and lacrimal gland hypersecretion. Antihistamines antagonize increased capillary permeability, wheal-and-flare formation, and itching. 

Although anticholinergic (drying) effects contribute to efficacy, adverse effects such as dry mouth, difficulty in voiding urine, constipation, and potential cardiovascular effects may occur (see Table 79-1). Antihistamines should be used with caution in patients predisposed to urinary retention and in those with increased intraocular pressure, hyperthyroidism, and cardiovascular disease. 

For intensifying the drying effect, especially in respect of water, a small basin filled with solid technical potassium hydroxide is laid on the support. Most solvents, with the exception of chloroform, benzene, petrol ether, and carbon bisulphide, are absorbed by this combination. In order to free substances from these four solvents, thin slices of paraffin wax in a shallow basin are placed in the desiccator beside the substance, if its properties are such as to preclude drying in the air. 

Vehicles and occlusion An appropriate vehicle maximizes the ability of the drug to penetrate the outer layers of the skin. In addition, through their physical properties (moistening or drying effects), vehicles may themselves have important therapeutic effects. Occlusion (application of a plastic wrap to hold the drug and its vehicle in close contact with the skin) is extremely effective in maximizing efficacy. 

Iin and co-workers [40] have developed a so-called micro-aqueous organic reaction system. In contrast to former preparations of almond meal, the almond kernels are soaked in water prior to grinding. After the defatting step, the meal contains 8-10% water (w/w), making it unnecessary to add the amount of water needed for enzyme activity. The reactions are carried out in buffer-saturated organic solvents to avoid a possible drying effect of the solvent on the biocatalyst. Further addition of water to the reaction results in lower conversions and values,... 

Vacuum Rotary Dryers. Material is subjected to agitation within a stationary, horizontal shell tinder vacuum. The agitation may be heated to increase drying effectiveness. 

Kim AI, Knopp S, Akers MJ, Nail SL. The physical state of mannitol after freeze-drying effects of mannitol concentration, freezing rate, and a noncrystallizing cosolute. J Pharm Sci 1998 87 931-935. 

Propan-2-ol (2-propanol, isopropyl alcohol) is made by the catalytic hydration of propylene. Isopropyl alcohol is commonly used as rubbing alcohol (rather than ethanol) because it has less of a drying effect on the skin, and it is not regulated and... 

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