Utilizing bacteria

Van Ginkel CG, HG J Welten, JAM de Bont (1987) Oxidation of gaseous and volatile hydrocarbons by selected alkene-utilizing bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 53 2903-2907. 

Considerable attention has been directed to the epoxidation of alkenes on account of interest in the epoxides as industrial intermediates. The wide metabolic capability of MMO, which has already been noted, has been applied to the epoxidation of C2, C3, and C4 alkenes (Patel et al. 1982). A large number of propane-utilizing bacteria are also effective in carrying out the epoxidation of alkenes (Hou et al. 1983). Especially valuable is the possibility of using microorganisms for resolving racemic mixtures of epoxides. For example, this has been realized for cis- and tra 5 -2,3-epoxypentanes... 

Schldmann M, E Schmidt, H-J Knackmuss (1990a) Different types of dienelactone hydrolase in 4-fluoro-benzoate-utilizing bacteria. J Bacterial 172 5112-5118. 

Yamada, K. Minoda, Y. Kodama, K., et al., Microbial conversion of petro-sulfur compounds. Part I. Isolation and identification of dibenzothiophene-utilizing bacteria. Agric. Biol. Chem., 1968. 32 pp. 840-845. 

Strubel, V., Rast, H. G., Fietz, W., Knackmuss, H. J. and Engesser, K. H. (1989). Enrichment of dibenzofuran utilizing bacteria with co-metabolic potential toward dibenzodioxin and other anellated aromatics, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 58, 233-238. 

Krumholz LR, Harris SH, Tay ST, Suflita JM. 1999. Characterization of two subsurface H2-utilizing bacteria, Desulfomicrobium hypogeium sp. nov. and Acetobacterium psammolithicum sp. nov., and their ecological roles. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 2300-6. 

Haider, K.,Jagnow, G., Kohnen, R.. and Lim, S.U. Degradation of chlorinated benzenes, phenols, and cyclohexane derivatives by benzene- and phenol-utilizing bacteria under aerobic conditions, in Decomposition of Toxic and Nontoxic Organic Compounds in Soil Overcash. V.R., Ed. (Ann Arbor. MI Ann Arbor Science Publishers, 1981), pp. 207-223. 

PPG-utilizing bacteria were isolated by an enrichment culture containing PPG 2000 or 4000 from soils or activated sludges acclimated to PPG (22). Strain No. 7 was the most favorable strain and identified as Corynebacterium sp. 

Duncan, S. H., Louis, P., and Flint, H. J. (2004). Lactate-utilizing bacteria, isolated from human feces, that produce butyrate as a major fermentation product. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70,5810-5817. 

Butane-utilizing bacteria are able to tolerate higher levels of chlorinated solvents compared to those using methane or propane. 

Growth of butane-utilizing bacteria is controlled by the zone of butane penetration. 

Reineke, W. and Knackmuss, H.J. (1980) Construction of haloaromatics utilizing bacteria. Nature, 111, 385-386. 

It may also be possible to capture one of the larger asteroids and send it crashing to Earth by exploding nuclear bombs at specific locations on the surface of the asteroid. Biological Doomsday Machines include weapons utilizing bacteria, viruses, or various biological toxins. For example, a few pounds of poison produced by botulism bacteria is sufficient to kill all human life. 

Moore, A. T., Vira, A. Fogel, S. (1989)- Biodegradation of rra r-l,2-dichloroethylene by methane-utilizing bacteria in an aquifer simulator. Environmental Science and Technology, 23, 403-6. 

The metals copper, chromium and cobalt also appear to be essential for growth for some, if not all, microorganisms.1218 Cobalt is an essential requirement for cobalamin-utilizing bacteria, but apart from being an alternative substrate for an Mg2+ transport system, there appears to be no highly specific transport system for Co2+. E. coli has a high affinity uptake system for cyanocobalamin, even though it does not require Bl2. Cobalamin may thus serve as a source of cobalt. 

A waste treatment technology that utilizes bacteria to oxidize and decompose complex organic materials. 

A microbial sensor consisting of immobilized methyl alcohol-utilizing bacteria (AJ 3993), a gas permeable membrane, and an oxygen electrode was applied to the determination of methyl alcohol. A linear relaionship was also observed between the current decrease and the concentration of methyl alcohol. Therefore, the sensor can be also applied to the determination of methyl alcohol. 

Alkane-utilizing bacteria were isolated from soil that could degrade the tributyl forms to di- and monobutyltin, but further breakdown was not observed. 

In test tubes (i.e., closed system unpublished data) containing 1 g air-dried autoclaved Cecil Ap - horizon soil (pH 5.0), 82 pg p-coumaric acid, Hoagland s solution (all solutions adjusted to pH 5.0), and soil extract for inoculum (total of 1.5 ml) the average linear transformation rates for p-coumaric acid over 48 hr, once microbial utilization was evident, were 3.6 x 10"4 + 1.7 x 10"4 picomole/CFU of p-coumaric acid utilizing bacteria/h, about 130 times slower than what was observed for the mean utilization in the steady-state continuous flow system. The CFU of p-coumaric acid utilizing bacteria/g soil in the test tube system averaged 1.46 x 108 over the 48 h interval. Initial CFU of p-coumaric acid utilizing bacterial populations/g soil 24 hr after addition of inoculum were 105+15. Utilization of p-coumaric acid by microbes in the test tubes was determined by 0.25 M EDTA (pH 7.0) extractions at 6 h intervals and HPLC analyses.2 CFU for bacteria that utilized p-coumaric acid as a sole carbon source were also determined at 6 h intervals by... 

Blum et al.9 isolated bacterial colonies from Cecil A-horizon soils treated with individual phenolic acids, either p-coumaric acid or vanillic acid, and then tested these isolated bacterial colonies for their ability to utilize only p-coumaric acid, only vanillic acid, or both phenolic acids. They found that the majority of isolates (>72%) could utilize both phenolic acids while a much smaller fraction (<28%) could only use the phenolic acid with which the soil had been treated. Since soils contain a variety of phenolic acids, as well as other organic molecules, Blum et al.9 subsequently determined changes in phenolic acid utilizing bacterial populations after Cecil A-horizon soils were enriched with an equal molar mixture composed of 7 phenolic acids plus or minus glucose. Since the addition of glucose did not modify the increase of phenolic acid utilizing bacteria (approximately 1000% for the 0.25 pmol/g soil phenolic acid treatment), Blum et al.9 concluded that the reduced microbial utilization of phenolic acids observed in the presence of glucose... 

Adequate mineral nutrition is extremely important in determining the soil populations of bacteria that can utilize phenolic acids as a carbon source. Blum et al.3 observed that when Cecil A-horizon soil (initially nutrient limited) was supplied with 53 pg/mL (3.5 ml /h) of p-coumaric acid and a range of nutrient concentrations for 72 h, the populations of phenolic acid utilizing bacteria increased in a linear manner as nutrient concentration was increased. 

That microorganisms can reduce the observed phytotoxic effects of phenolic acids has been observed by a number of researchers.3,7 8 33 37 38 39 41,45 I am, however, not aware of any study that has attempted to quantify how changes in bulk-soil bacteria might influence the phytotoxicity of phenolic acids. I am aware of only one study that has attempted to quantify how changes in rhizosphere microbial populations may influence the phytotoxicity of phenolic acids. Blum et al.9 observed that a 500% increase of phenolic acid utilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of cucumber seedlings growing in Cecil A-horizon soil enriched with an equimolar mixture of 0.6 pmol/g p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and... 

Identification of the microorganisms found in both the process water and on the metal surface. Tests for nitrite-utilizing bacteria or sulfur oxidizers are more complex. (Stott)5... 

Much effort has been concentrated on the fate of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in aquifers (e.g., trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene). These chemicals undergo reductive dehalogenation under anaerobic conditions. By contrast, these compounds are degraded under aerobic conditions by methane-utilizing bacteria. For example, methan-otrophic bacteria can transform more than 50% of trichloroethane into CO2 and bacterial biomass. 

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