Sleep deprivation stimulants

A routine EEG can be helpful if epileptiform discharges are seen. However, the EEG may be normal between seizures, and most routine EEGs are not performed during a seizure. Maneuvers such as sleep deprivation, photic stimulation, hyperventilation, or prolonged monitoring can help reveal EEG changes consistent with epilepsy. 

Patients with epilepsy may have completely normal findings in these assessments. Many of the tests are done to rule out other causes of seizures (e.g., infection or electrolyte imbalance). Often the EEG appears normal between seizures.20 Several manipulations can be done in an attempt to capture seizure or seizure-like activity on the EEG. These include sleep deprivation, photic stimulation, prolonged (greater than 20 minutes) EEG recording, and 24-hour EEG monitoring with video correlation. 

Asakura W., Matsumoto K, Ohta H., Watanabe H. (1992). REM sleep deprivation decreases apomorphine-induced stimulation of locomotor activity but not stereotyped behavior in mice. Gen. Pharmacol 23, 337-41. 

At about the same time as Pappenheimer s studies, another approach emerged for finding the elusive hypnotoxin. Monnier, later joined by Schoenenberger, used somnogenic electrical stimulation of the thalamus in rabbit, instead of sleep deprivation (Monnier and Hosli 1964). Cross-stimulation experiments showed that the somnogenic actions of the thalamic stimulation could be... 

Manic episodes may be precipitated by stressors, sleep deprivation, antidepressants, CNS stimulants, or bright light. 

Traffic Safety Administration. Since drowsiness is the brain s last step (-(->) before falling asleep, driving while drowsy can—and often does—lead to disaster. Caffeine and other stimulants cannot overcome the effects of severe sleep deprivation. The National Sleep Foundation says that if you have trouble keeping your eyes focused, if you can t stop yawning, or if you can t remember driving the last few miles, you are prob-(25) ably too drowsy to drive safely. 

Newhouse PA, Potter A, Corwin J, et al Acute nicotinic blockade produces cognitive impairment in normal humans. Psychopharmacology 108 480-484, 1992a Newhouse PA, Penetar D, Fertig J Stimulant drug effects after prolonged total sleep deprivation a comparison of amphetamine, nicotine, and deprenyl. Mil Psychol 4 207-234, 1992b... 

Total sleep deprivation may not be performed easily because wake capacity is very low in neonates. The method of RSD by nondrug means has been developed and proven to be equally effective as RSD by drug. Since neonates are very sensitive to all kinds of stimulation and instrumental RSD (IRSD) has unavoidable mechanical stimulation, the application of IRSD in the neonate must be accompanied by a reasonable yoked control. Computer-controlled IRSD may not be applied before PN 12 because NREM sleep is undetectable before this age. 

Benington JH, Kodali SK, Heller HC. Stimulation of A1 adenosine receptors mimics the electroencephalographic effects of sleep deprivation. Brain Res 1995 692 79-85. 

Babkoff, H., Kelly, TL, Naitoh, P. Trial-to-trial variance in choice reaction time as a measure of the effect of stimulants during sleep deprivation. Milit Psychol 2001 13(1) 1-16. 

Newhouse PA, Penetar DM, Fertig JB, Thome DR, Sing HC, Thomas ML, Cochran IC, Belenky GL. Stimulant drag effects on performance and behavior after prolonged sleep deprivation. Milit Psychol 1992 4(4) 207-233. 

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