Sleep deprivation simulations

De Valck, E., De Groot, E. Cluydts, R. (2003). Effects of slow-release caffeine and a nap on driving simulator performance after partial sleep deprivation. Percept. Mot. Skills 96 (1), 67-78. 

Automobile and truck simulators have also been used in randomized studies to demonstrate the impairing effects of various doses of alcohol.78-80 Similar studies have been conducted using flight simulators.81-85 In addition, both types of simulators have been used to assess the effects of marijuana, nicotine, and other sedative medications.86-88 Simulations have also been used to examine other environmental perturbations, including sleep deprivation and elevated carbon dioxide levels.89,90... 

Traffinder, N.J. et al., Effect of sleep deprivation on surgeons dexterity on laparoscopy simulator, Lancet, 352, 1191, 1998. 

Howard SK, Gaba DM, Smith BE, Weinger MB, Herndon C, Keshavacharya S, Rosekind MR. Simulation study of rested versus sleep-deprived anesthesiologists. Anesthesiol 2003 98 1345-1355. 

Chelette TL, Albery WB, Esken RL, Tripp LD. Female exposure to high g performance of simulated flight after 24 hours of sleep deprivation. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998 69 862-868. 

Hack MA, Choi SJ, Vijayapalan P, Davies RJ, Stradling JR. Comparison of the effects of sleep deprivation, alcohol and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on simulated steering performance. Respir Med 2001 95 594-601. 

A number of studies have been conducted examining the effects of sleep deprivation in medical trainees on performance on a variety of neuropsychological and neurobehavioral tests. Many of these studies have examined the impact of shortterm (on call) sleep loss on psychomotor function, sometimes in combination with simulated medical tasks. Reaction time, vigilance, and manual dexterity are among the parameters that have been shown to be negatively impacted by sleep loss in these studies, although these results are not universally found. For example, sleep deprivation in residents has also been associated with reduced per-... 

A number of studies have included outcome variables with real world medical task components, either simulated or actual (see below) work performance measures. For example, one early study that examined the performance of 14 medical interns on an electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation task in both the rested (mean 7.0 hr of sleep, range 5.5—8.5 hr) and the sleep-deprived state (mean 1.8 hr, range 0-3.8 hr) found both efficiency and accuracy of performance were... 

A typical countermeasure used by sleepy drivers is to turn on the air conditioner or open a window. Two aspects of this stimulus can be considered in analyzing it as a countermeasure. The first is the cold temperature of the stimulus, or in the least a change in temperature. There has been very little study of the effectiveness of cold temperature as a countermeasure. The simulated automobile drive study cited above also included a cold-air condition produced by the automobile air conditioner (22). As with the radio, cold air had a minimal and transitory alerting effect. The fact that temperature change may be the critical factor is seen in a study that showed heat (92°F) improved performance from basal levels during sleep deprivation, although the impact was very time-limited (24). 

Huber R, Deboer T, Tobler I. Effects of sleep deprivation on sleep and sleep EEG in three mouse strains empirical data and simulations. Brain Res 2000 857 8-19. 

Banks, S., Catcheside, R, Lack, L., Grunstein, R. R., and McEvoy, R. D. 2004. Low levels of alcohol impair driving simulator performance and reduce perception of crash risk in partially sleep deprived subjects. Sleep 27 1063-1067. 

Roge, J., T. Pebayle, S. El Hannachi and A. Muzet (2003). Effect of sleep deprivation and driving duration on the useful visual field in younger and older subjects during simulator driving. Vision Res. 43 1465-1472. 

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