Older people

People are less willing to threaten the safety of younger people. School-age youngsters and babies are particularly important because they are viewed as the endowment of our future. Older people are also a special concern if they are not able to protect themselves (e.g., evacuate the area) without assistance. 

Most sleep deprivation experiments have used mentally and physically healthy young adults. For other types of individuals, particularly older people for whom the sleep function deteriorates in general, and also for "real world" conditions, sleep deprivation may be more significant. 

Small, A. M., Sr. (1987). Design for Older People. In G. Salvendy (Ed.), Handbook of Human Factors. New York Wiley. 

The average basal metabolic rate for humans is about 65 keal/h, or 1600 keal/day. Obviously, the rate varies for different people depending ori sex, age, weight, and physical condition. As a rule, the BMR is Jow er for older people than for younger people, is lower for females than for males, and is lower for people in good physical condition than for those who are out of shape and overweight. A BMR substantially above the expected value indicates an unusually rapid metabolism, perhaps caused by a fever or some biochemical abnormality. 

Mr. Peyton explained, It s tire in thing. And everyone wants to do the in tiring, especially in this town. Lit s bar goes through twenty 24-can cases of Red Bull a week. It s younger people, Mr. Peyton said of the Red Bull drinkers base. We ve tried it on older people—forty-plus.They re probably up until four in the morning. ... 

Attention to iron metabolism is particularly important in women for the reason mentioned above. Additionally, in pregnancy, allowances must be made for the growing fetus. Older people with poor dietary habits ( tea and toasters ) may develop iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anemia due to inadequate intake, inadequate utilization, or excessive loss of iron is one of the most prevalent conditions seen in medical practice. 

Martin Knapp is Professor of Health Economics and Director of the Centre for the Economics of Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, and Professor of Social Policy at the London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Much of his work focuses on the economic aspects of mental health services and health policy. He is also actively involved in work looking at economic aspects of long-term care for older people. 

About 7% of men and 0.5% of women perceive colors in significantly different ways and individuals do not perceive colors identically. Older people perceive colored surfaces as having less chromatic content than do younger ones. For this reason, human communication about colors is based on different codes. 

There are many reasons for the cost increases in health care, in addition to inflation, including the following (a) there are more and more older people,... 

Hajjar ER, Hanlon JT, Sloane RJ et al. (2005) Unnecessary drug use in frail older people at hospital discharge. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(9) 1518-1523... 

A large and growing number of older people across the world suffer from schizophrenia. Recommendations for their treatment are largely based on data extrapolated from studies of the use of antipsychotic medications in younger populations. In addition most manufacturers of such medications recommend prescription of reduced doses to the elderly. The evidence base for these assumptions is unclear and raises obvious questions regarding the appropriateness of such prescribing practice. 

Klotz U, Avant GR, Hoyumpa Aet al. (1975) The effects of age and liver disease on the disposition and elimination of diazepam in adult man. J Clin Invest 55(2) 347-359 Kompoliti K and Goetz CG (1998) Neuropharmacology in the elderly. Neurol Clin 16(3) 599-610 Lanctot KL, Best TS, Mittmann N et al. (1998) Efficacy and safety of antipsychotics in behavioral disorders associated with dementia. J Clin Psychiatry 59(10) 550-561 Landi F, Onder G, Cesari M et al. (2005) Psychotropic medications and risk for falls among community-dwelling frail older people an observational study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 60(5) 622-626... 

Finally hold in mind that falls are frequent in old age and can lead to severe consequences, including sufferings both for the individual and the next of kin. Also the cost for the society of falls and fractures are considerable. Falls increase with the use of fall-risk-increasing drugs and polypharmacy and can be prevented by a multifactor approach including reassessing the medications used by older people. 

Falls increase with the use of fall-risk-increasing drugs and polypharmacy and can be prevented by improving the medications used by older people... 

Thomson WM, Chalmers JM, Spencer AJ et al. (2000) Medication and dry mouth findings from a cohort study of older people. J Public Health Dent 60(1) 12-20... 

Copeland JR, Beekman AT, Braam AW et al. (2004) Depression among older people in Europe the EURODEP studies. World Psychiatry 3 (1) 45-49... 

Care home versus hospital and own homes environment for rehabilitation older people... 

Holland R, Lenaghan E, Harvey I, Smith R, Shepstone L, Lipp A, Christou M, Evans D, Hand C (2005) Does home based medication review keep older people out of hospital The HOMER randomised controlled trial. BMJ 330 293-298... 

Everyone is sensitive to extreme weather conditions. But with age, the body may become less able to respond to long exposure to very hot or very cold temperatures. Some older people might develop hypothermia when exposed to cold weather. Hypothermia is a drop in internal body temperature, which can be fatal if not detected and treated. 

As he finished the gruel his eyes closed wearily for a moment, and when he opened them again there were two angels leaning over him. The second was not nearly so lovely as the first, but her face, too, bore that same look of heavenly sweetness which Peter felt instinctively none but angels faces could wear. It was the look which older people than Peter have often marveled at the look one sees upon the faces of those who have died to the world and to themselves and given their entire being to God in a life of charity and self-sacrifice. 

In another study in which the test meal procedure was used,59 "true achlorhydria" was found in about 3 per cent of the younger men, but the incidence increased up to 23 per cent for men between 60 and 69 years old. Corresponding values for women were about the same for the younger group, but the incidence was 26 to 28 per cent in women between 60 and 70. Presumably the lack of hydrochloric acid would show a much higher incidence in older people if the fasting juice or the first collection of histamine juice were analyzed. 

Unger JM, van Belle G, Heyman A. (1999). Cross-sectional versus longitudinal estimates of cognitive change in nondemented older people a CERAD study. Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer s Disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 47(5) 559-63. 

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