Deprivation , effect

Sanchez-Barcelo E., Mediavilla M.D., Sanchez-Criado J.E., Cos S., et al. (1985). Anti-gonadal actions of olfaction and light deprivation effects of blindness and main olfactory bulb — deafferentation and transection of vomeronasal nerve or bulbectomy. J Pineal Res 2, 177-190. 

Penetar, D., McCann, U., Thorne, D. and Kamimori, G., Caffeine reversal of sleep deprivation effects on alertness and mood. Psychopharmacology 112(2-3), 359-365, 1993. 

Rodd-Hendricks ZA, McKinzie DL, Shaikh SR et al. Alcohol deprivation effect is prolonged in the preferring (P) rat after repeated deprivations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2000 24 8-16. 

There are probably satiety and deprivation effects for all emotional modalities, so that the individual neither neglects nor obsesses over any one of them. Pugh (1977) explained that there should also be a tendency for each emotion to drift back toward the middle range of the scale, so that the individual does not become stuck at either extreme and hence become either complacent or despondent. Lewin et al. (1944) described a similar idea level of aspiration and level of attainment. The function of this mechanism seems to be to maintain the subject s effort by appropriate goal setting. 

O Dell LE, Koob GF (2007) Nicotine deprivation effect in rats with intermittent 23-hour access to intravenous nicotine self-administration. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 86 346-353 O Dell LE, Chen SA, Smith RT, Specie SE, Balster RL, Paterson NE, Markou A, Zorrilla EP, Koob GF (2007) Extended access to nicotine self-administration leads to dependence Circadian measures, withdrawal measures, and extinction behavior in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 320 180-193... 

The principal disadvantages of barbiturates as hypnotics include the development of physical dependence, a relatively low therapeutic index (and the potential of poisoning, as in suicide), suppression of REM sleep, and possible hangover effects. As mentioned above, benzodiazepines (e.g., flurazepam or brotizolam) are hypnotics as effective as barbiturates and are much safer in terms of their therapeutic index, addiction potential, and REM sleep-deprivation effects. Thus benzodiazepines have displaced barbiturates as sedative hypnotics. 

Webb WB. A further analysis of age and sleep deprivation effects. Psychophysiology 1985 22 156-161. 

Baranski JV, Pigeau RA. Self-monitoring cognitive performance during sleep deprivation effects of modafmil, d-amphetamine and placebo. J Sleep Res 1997 6 84—91. 

Rodgers CD, Paterson DH, Cunningham DA, Noble EG, Pettigrew FP, Myles WS, Taylor AW. Sleep deprivation effects on work capacity, self-paced walking, contractile properties and perceived exertion. Sleep 1995 18 30-38. 

Dinges DF. Homeostatic and circadian regulation of wakefulness during jet lag and sleep deprivation effect of wake-promoting countermeasures. AFOSR Technical Report No. 31-08-2000. Arlington, VA Air Force Office of Scientific Research. 2000. 

Borbely AA, Baumann F, Brandeis D, Strauch I, Lehmann D. Sleep deprivation effect on sleep stages and EEG power density in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1981 51 483-495. 

Vgontzas AN, Mastorakos G, Bixler EO, Kales A, Gold PW, Chrousos GP (1999) Sleep deprivation effects on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and growth axes potential clinical implications. Clin Endocrinol 51 205-215... 

Hughes, C. E., Pitts, R. C., 8c Branch, M. N. (1996). Cocaine and food deprivation Effects on food-reinforced fixed ratio performance in pigeons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 65, 145-158. 

Brunjes PC, Smith-Crafts LK, McCarty R. 1985. Unilateral odor deprivation Effects on the development of olfactory bulb catecholamines and behavior. Dev Brain Res 22 1-6. 

Gorin, P.D. and Johnson, E.M. (1979) Experimental autoimmune model of NGF deprivation effects on developing peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76 5382-5386. 

Serra S, Brunetti G, Pani M, Vacca G, Carai MA, Gessa GL, Colombo G. Blockade by the cannabinoid CBl receptor antagonist, SR 141716, of alcohol deprivation effect in alcohol-preferring rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 443, 95-97 (2002). 

Haverly, J. E., and Kardong, K. V., 1996, Sensory deprivation effects on the predatory behavior of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus, Copeia 1996 419-428. 

Degrenne B, Pruvost J, Titica M, Takache H, LegrandJ Kinetic modehng ofhght limitation and sulfur deprivation effects in the induction of hydrogen production with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Part II definition of model-based protocols and experimental validation, Biotechnol Bioeng 108(10) 2288-2299, 2011b. 

At least two lines of biochemical evidence support this conclusion. Recently, it was discovered that vanadium is required for the activity of certain enzymes in lower forms of life. These enzymes include nitrogenase in bacteria [39-41] and haloperoxidases in algae and lichens [42-45]. Since thyroid function requires the action of thyroid peroxidase (a haloperoxidase) and thyroid function is essential in growth and development, one can speculate that the deprivation effects of vanadium are mediated via the thyroid gland. 

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