Bowel

Magaldrate is an antacid having somewhat more efficacy than aluminum hydroxide. It does not appear to disturb electrolyte balance or bowel function. 

Bisacodyl (9) is a contact laxative that may be given orally or rectaHy. It is often used for evacuation of the bowel prior to surgery or diagnostic examination. It may obviate the need for a cleansing enema. 

Castor oil is a cathartic only after Hpolysis in the small intestine Hberating ricinoleic acid. Ricinoleic acid inhibits the absorption of water and electrolytes. It is commonly used for preparation of the large bowel for diagnostic procedures. 

Diarrhea is a common problem that is usually self-limiting and of short duration. Increased accumulations of small intestinal and colonic contents are known to be responsible for producing diarrhea. The former may be caused by increased intestinal secretion which may be enterotoxin-induced, eg, cholera and E. col] or hormone and dmg-induced, eg, caffeine, prostaglandins, and laxatives decreased intestinal absorption because of decreased mucosal surface area, mucosal disease, eg, tropical spme, or osmotic deficiency, eg, disaccharidase or lactase deficiency and rapid transit of contents. An increased accumulation of colonic content may be linked to increased colonic secretion owing to hydroxy fatty acid or bile acids, and exudation, eg, inflammatory bowel disease or amebiasis decreased colonic absorption caused by decreased surface area, mucosal disease, and osmotic factors and rapid transit, eg, irritable bowel syndrome. 

Diagnosis and alleviation of the cause, if possible, is of primary importance. Often, however, this is not possible and therapy is used to alleviate the inconvenience and pain of diarrhea. These compounds usually only mask the underlying factors producing the problem. Diarrhea may cause significant dehydration and loss of electrolytes and is a particularly serious problem in infants. Antidiarrheals do not usually prevent the loss of fluids and electrolytes into the large bowel and, although these may prevent frequent defecation, often the serious imbalance of body electrolytes and fluids is not significantly affected. 

In 1936, biotin was isolated from egg yolks (8), in 1939 from beef Hver (9), and in 1942 from milk concentrates (10). Biotin-producing microorganisms exist in the large bowel but the extent and significance of this internal synthesis is unknown. 

NB There is some evidence of an inverse relationship between coffee drinking and cancer of the large bowel coffee drinking could not be classified as to its carcinogenicity to other organs)... 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Goggles or face shield Symptoms Following Exposure Ingestion of liquid can cause very loose bowel movements General Treatment for Exposure EYES wash with water Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Umit Value) Not pertinent Short-Term Inhalation Limits Not pertinent Toxicity by Ingestion Grade 1, LDjq 5 to 15 g/kg Late Toxicity None Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics None Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics None Odor Threshold Not pertinent. 

Recently, multidimensional GC has been employed in enantioselective analysis by placing a chiral stationary phase such as a cyclodextrin in the second column. Typically, switching valves are used to heart-cut the appropriate portion of the separation from a non-chiral column into a chiral column. Heil et al. used a dual column system consisting of a non-chiral pre-column (30 m X 0.25 mm X 0.38 p.m, PS-268) and a chiral (30 m X 0.32 mm X 0.64 p.m, heptakis(2,3-di-(9-methyl-6-(9-tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-(3-cyclodextrin) (TBDM-CD) analytical column to separate derivatized urinary organic acids that are indicative of metabolic diseases such as short bowel syndrome, phenylketonuria, tyrosinaemia, and others. They used a FID following the pre-column and an ion trap mass-selective detector following the... 

Bowels, m. proof, evidence argument, -analyse, /. documentary analysis, beweisbar, a, provable, demonstrable, beweisen, v.t. prove, demonstrate show, — v.T. prove. 

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