Inflammatory bowel disease etiologies

There are two forms of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ulcerative colitis, a mucosal inflammatory condition confined to the rectum and colon, and Crohn s disease, a transmural inflammation of GI mucosa that may occur in any part of the GI tract. The etiologies of both conditions are unknown, but they may have a common pathogenetic mechanism. 

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises two distinct disorders ulcerative colitis and Crohn s disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders remains unknown. For this reason, pharmacologic treatment of inflammatory bowel disorders often involves drugs that belong to different therapeutic classes and have different but nonspecific mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action. Drugs used in inflammatory bowel disease are chosen on the basis of disease severity, responsiveness, and drug... 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease CHAPTER 26 I Proposed Etiologies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease ]... 

Other etiologies Congenital, idiopathic, hereditary (trypsinogen gene mutations), cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer disease, solid organ transplantation (liver, kidney, heart), refeeding... 

The role of both T and B lymphocytes in a variety of disease states beyond transplantation has become increasingly important in the past decade. This is especially true of those diseases frequently referred to as autoimmune in their etiology, such as rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and so on. In addition, several other major diseases are also known to have a component of T- or B-cell-mediated pathogenesis, for example, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and asthma. Until very recently, the mainstay of therapy for these diseases was the corticosteroids, which were often less than satisfactory in efficacy and often associated with undesirable side effects, especially in growing children and the elderly. Thus, the search for new agents with different mechanisms of action and which did not have the same adverse event profile as conventional corticosteroids led to the subsequent evaluation of drugs such as tacrolimus and sirolimus to treat several of these diseases. 

In the majority of cases, tuboovarian abscesses (TOA) result from pelvic inflammatory disease. It is reported to complicate PID in up to one-third of patients hospitalized for treatment [6]. Other etiologies include complications of surgery or intra-abdominal inflammatory bowel diseases, such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, or Crohn disease. In most cases, TOA is caused by a polymicrobial infection with a high prevalence of anaerobes. lUD users, especially in the first few months after insertion, are also under a higher risk of PID. Pelvic actinomycosis is considered to be highly associated with the use of lUD [1]. 

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), alongside Crohn s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis are characterized by the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of IBD is induced by a combination of factors that contributes to this pathogenesis. 

Chadwick, V.S. and Anderson, R.P. (1995) The role of intestinal bacteria in etiology and maintenance of inflammatory bowel disease. In G.R. Gibson and G.T. Macfarlane (eds). Human Colonic Bacteria Role in Nutrition, Physiology and Pathology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 227 256... 

Inflammatory bowel diseases (colitis and Crohn s disease) Clearly, inflammatory conditions have an immune component. In the case of Crohn s disease, there appears to be no established therapeutic or etiological role for fiber. The situation is slightly different for distal ulcerative colitis, in which fiber intake seems unrelated to incidence. However, rectal infusion of SCFAs (especially butyrate) has been reported to lead to remission, so it appears that either the generation of these acids or their delivery to the distal colon may be the issue. 

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