Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Small-bowel irritant

A. Small-bowel irritant laxative ricinoleic acid... [Pg.175]

Laxatives in this group exert an irritant action on the enteric mucosa (A). Consequently, less fluid is absorbed than is secreted. The increased filling of the bowel promotes peristalsis excitation of sensory nerve endings elicits enteral hypermotility. According to the site of irritation, one distinguishes the small-bowel irritant castor oil from the large-bowel irritants anthraqui-none and diphenylmethane derivatives (for details see p.178). [Pg.176]

In the colon, semifluid material entering from the small bowel is thickened by absorption of water and salts (from about 1000 to 150 mL/d). If, due to the action of an irritant purgative, the colon empties prematurely, an enteral loss of NaCl, KCl and water will be incurred. To forestall depletion of NaCl and water, the body responds with an increased release of aldosterone (p. Ltillmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology... [Pg.172]

Potassium chloride is irritating to the gastrointestinal tract, even to the extent of causing perforation (4). In a retrospective study at surgical clinics in Stockholm County there were 22 cases of small-bowel ulceration in which a connection with slow-release potassium chloride tablets was probable (5). Most of the ulcers had caused stenosis of 1-2 cm of gut, and in four cases there was also perforation of the bowel wall. Five patients had perforation without signs of stenosis. Mortality was 27%. The pathology of the ulcers was similar to that described after use of enteric-coated potassium chloride tablets. The frequency of potassium-induced ulceration is low (about 3 cases per 100 000 patient-years of slow-release tablet use), but this complication can be serious. [Pg.2906]

Ultrasonography detects ulceration within the thickened wall in only a few cases, whereas it is seen frequently during small bowel follow through examination or barium enema studies. This low sensitivity for the detection of ulcers on sonography may be due to the associated spasm (Kedar 1994). Lymphoid tissue involvement in the ileal wall with ulceration, necrosis, fibrosis, and often with extensive granulomatous infiltrate can be observed (Khaw 1991). In a few cases of intestinal tuberculosis, a spasm of the cecum is identified by a collapsed lumen and irritability of the thickened wall (Lee et al. 1993). [Pg.111]

The effect of vomiting on add-base status depends on whether there is a net loss of add or of alkali in the vomitus. In cases where the movement of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is obstructed, the resulting vomiting will be of gastric contents which are add. In other cases of vomiting due, for instance, to irritation of the small bowel, the vomitus is a mixture of gastric contents, which are add, and of duodenal contents, which are alkaline. In this situation the vomitus is add if gastric juice predominates and alkaline if duodenal contents predominate. [Pg.53]

Diarrhea is a common problem that is usually self-limiting and of short duration. Increased accumulations of small intestinal and colonic contents are known to be responsible for producing diarrhea. The former may be caused by increased intestinal secretion which may be enterotoxin-induced, eg, cholera and E. col] or hormone and dmg-induced, eg, caffeine, prostaglandins, and laxatives decreased intestinal absorption because of decreased mucosal surface area, mucosal disease, eg, tropical spme, or osmotic deficiency, eg, disaccharidase or lactase deficiency and rapid transit of contents. An increased accumulation of colonic content may be linked to increased colonic secretion owing to hydroxy fatty acid or bile acids, and exudation, eg, inflammatory bowel disease or amebiasis decreased colonic absorption caused by decreased surface area, mucosal disease, and osmotic factors and rapid transit, eg, irritable bowel syndrome. [Pg.202]

The usually accepted prevalences for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are around 1.6% for current, 3.1% for 1 year and 5.1% lifetime (Roy-Byrne, 1996). The condition is twice as common in women as in men (Pigott, 1999). A small minority (10%) have GAD alone, and about the same proportion suffer from mixed anxiety and depression. Morbidity is high. About a half of those with uncomplicated GAD seek professional help, but two-thirds of those with comorbid GAD do so. Up to a half take medication at some point. The condition may coexist with other anxiety disorders such as phobias, with affective disorders, or with medical conditions such as unexplained chest pain and irritable bowel syndrome. [Pg.61]

Lin HC Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth A framework for understanding irritable bowel syndrome. JAMA 2004 292 852-858. [Pg.22]

Rifaximin Rifamycin Antibiotic Gut bacteria Enteric infection Diarrhea, infectious Hepatic encephalopathy Small intestine bacterial overgrowth Inflammatory bowel disease Colonic diverticular disease Irritable bowel syndrome Constipation Clostridium difficile infection Helicobacter pylori infection Colorectal surgery Bowel decontamination, selective Pancreatitis, acute Bacterial peritonitis, spontaneous Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy... [Pg.36]

Pimentel H, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2000 95 3503-3506. [Pg.122]

Celiac disease, now called sprue or gluten enteropathy, is probably due to a genetic flaw that entails immune system dysfunction. The people who get this disease have bowel reactions to the chemical gliaden in the gluten of wheat, barley, rye, and oats, with inflammation and mild-to-severe damage to the small intestinal wall. Symptoms include irritability, abdominal distress and distention, vomiting, diarrhea, terrible gas problems, and weight loss. [Pg.118]


See other pages where Small-bowel irritant is mentioned: [Pg.170]    [Pg.174]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.170]    [Pg.174]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.1525]    [Pg.577]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.1368]    [Pg.1586]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.696]    [Pg.293]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.307]    [Pg.578]    [Pg.36]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.44]    [Pg.145]    [Pg.237]    [Pg.346]    [Pg.689]    [Pg.283]    [Pg.1491]    [Pg.290]    [Pg.452]    [Pg.1231]    [Pg.103]    [Pg.90]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.377]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.178 ]




SEARCH



Bowel

Small bowel

© 2024 chempedia.info