Constipation irritable bowel syndrome

Rifaximin Rifamycin Antibiotic Gut bacteria Enteric infection Diarrhea, infectious Hepatic encephalopathy Small intestine bacterial overgrowth Inflammatory bowel disease Colonic diverticular disease Irritable bowel syndrome Constipation Clostridium difficile infection Helicobacter pylori infection Colorectal surgery Bowel decontamination, selective Pancreatitis, acute Bacterial peritonitis, spontaneous Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy... 

Common cold, influenza, recovery period of influenza, bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic rhinitis, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses, diabetes, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation and hemorrhoids, skin diseases that are characterized by dryness of the skin lesions, such as disorders of keratinization and senile pruritus. 

Irritable bowel syndrome (DBS) is an exceedingly common condition in all societies, characterized by abdominal discomfort or pain in association with altered bowel habit or incomplete stool evacuation, bloating and constipation or diarrhoea, easily go undetected and do not show up with common tests such as blood tests or x-rays. The estimated prevalence in the community is about 10%. Irritable bowel syndrome and its variants, collectively called functional gastrointestinal disorders, constitute 40-50% of all the patients seen by gastroenterologists in Western countries. 

A laxative is most often prescribed for the short-term relief or prevention of constipation. Certain stimulant, emollient, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations. Fecal softeners or mineral oil are used prophylactically in patients who should not strain during defecation, such as after anorectal surgery or a myocardial infarction. Psyllium may be used in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. Fblycarbophil may be prescribed for constipation or diarrhea associated with irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis. Mineral oil is... 

Compare the features of chronic constipation with those of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). 

CHAPTER 18 / CONSTIPATION, DIARRHEA, AND IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME 309... 

From Spruill WJ, Wade WE. Diarrhea, constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. In DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee CC, et al, (eds.) Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th ed. New York McGraw-Hill, Inc 677-692, with permission. 

Chapter 18 Constipation, Diarrhea, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome... 

In the periphery, 5-HT4 receptor mRNA is found in vascular smooth muscle. Newly developed drugs that activate 5-HT4 receptors are of interest for their potential in treating cardiac arrhythmia. The 5-HT4 receptor is also located on neurons of the alimentary tract, for example the myenteric plexus of the ileum, and on smooth muscle cells and secretory cells of the gastrointestinal tract, where they evoke secretions and the peristaltic reflex. 5-HT4 receptor agonists (e.g. cisapride, prucalopride, tegaserod) are used therapeutically in the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and in functional motility disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. 

Disorders of the GI tract (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome or diverticulitis), metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes), or endocrine disorders (e.g., hypothyroidism) may cause constipation. 

FGIDs present with variable combinations of chronic or recurring GI symptoms not explained by overt biochemical or structural abnormalities and encompass conditions like functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic idiopathic constipation [1], A variety of mechanisms that could explain the etiology of FGIDs are currently under investigation and include, but are not limited to altered GI motility, visceral hypersensitivity and post-infectious abnormalities [2],... 

Besides causing loss of appetite and quality of life, longstanding and severe constipation can lead to diverticulosis, diverticulitis and in worst cases perforation of the large intestine with life threatening peritonitis (McConnell et al. 2003). Diverticulosis, irritable bowel syndrome and haemorrhoids are caused by chronic constipation and can lead to bleeding and anaemia. 

Alosetron (Lotronex) Irritable bowel syndrome Serious gastrointestinal events, especially ischemic colitis and constipation 2000 [53]... 

Psyllium Useful in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. Polycarbophil For constipation or diarrhea associated with conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and diverticulosis acute nonspecific diarrhea. 

Constipation may be caused by slow intestinal transition, pelvic floor dysfunction, bowel dysfunction like irritable Bowel syndrome and tumours, but can also be secondary to other diseases and life conditions. Many medicines cause constipation, for example opiates, calcium channel blockers and drugs with anticholinergic effects, e.g. antidepressants. 

Caldarella MR Milano A, Laterza F et al. Visceral sensitivity and symptoms in patients with constipation- or diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) effect of a low-fat intraduodenal infusion. Am J Gastroenterol 2005 100(2) 383-9. 

Evans BW, Clark WK, Moore DJ, Whorwell PJ. Tegaserod for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007. 

L.A. Sorbera, J. Castaner, N.E. Mealy, Lubiprostone. Treatment of constipation, treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, treatment of postoperative ileus, CIC-2 channel activator, Drugs Fut. 29 (2004) 336-342. 

The standard pharmacokinetic parameters of the compound such as a half-life or bioavailability cannot be reliably calculated, because the concentrations in plasma are below lOpg/mL. As analogously expected from the results on the shift in keto-alcohol equilibrium of 16,16-difluoro-PGE2, it is rapidly metabolized by C-15 reduction mediated by the ubiquitously expressed carbonyl reductase. The metabolism followed by jS-oxidation and co-oxidation forms a mixture of a and fi epimers at the 15-hydroxy moiety as a sole measurable metabolite [46], In 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the drug application for an oral treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults, estimating that 4-5 million Americans are affected. Lubiprostone has also completed a phase II trial in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, and has been further evaluated for other bowel dysfunctions. 

Laxative effect. Seed hull, taken orally by adults at a dose of 7 g/person, increased weekly fecal mass without influencing transit time or frequency . Seedcoat, administered orally to 80 patients at a dose of 6.4 g/person three times daily, was active in a blinded placebo controlled study of efficacy of extract in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome " . Water extract of the dried kernel, administered orally to 40-year-old adults of both sexes, was active . Seed powder, administered orally to adults of both sexes, was active. Biological activity reported has been patented ". Dried seeds, administered orally to adults at a dose of 0.5 g/person, were active. Placing the seeds in water increased their volume, 90% alcohol produced a decrease in volume to normal seed size, and linseed oil had no effect on volume. The seed mucilage remained in gel form and is considered preferable to the solid form because it is more easily digested " . Dried seed powder, administered orally to 35 patients with chronic constipation at a dose of 50 mg/person, was active in a controlled, double-blind study " . Fiber, administered orally to adults, was active. Psyllium fiber and sennosides were prepared into a wafer to be... 

Constipation, irritable bowel syndrome PO Akrt3.4gpowderequals 1 rounded tsp, 1 packet,or Iwafer. 2-5 capsules/dose l-3timesaday. 1-2 tsp granules l-2timesaday. 1 rounded tsp or 1 tbsp of powder 1-3 times a day. 2 wafers 1-3 times a day. 

Cisapride, a 5-HT4 agonist, was used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and motility disorders. Because of toxicity, it is now available only for compassionate use in the USA. Tegaserod, a 5-HT4 partial agonist, is used for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. These drugs are discussed in Chapter 62. 

Lubiprostone is a prostanoic acid derivative labeled for use in chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with predominant constipation. It acts by stimulating... 

There is substantial evidence that bran is useful in the treatment of simple constipation. If used in sufficient quantities, it softens stools, eliminates scybala, and prevents straining. However, a recent study has challenged its clinical merits in the management of the irritable bowel syndrome. 

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