Acrylates ethyl acrylate

Temperature, °C Acryhc acid Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate Butyl acrylate 2-EthyIhexyl acrylate... 

Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate Butyl acrylate... 

Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile with various vinyl comonomers such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and styrene onto cellulose derivatives using ceric ion was studied [24]. The results showed that... 

Moore. M.M., Amtower, A., Doerr, C.L., Brock, K.H. Dearfield, K.L. (1988) Genotoxicity of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Environ, mol. Mutag., 11,49-63... 

In order to overcome the reactivity ratio problem of AA, the use of acrylic monomers, such as -butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, N-methylol acrylamide, and acrylamide have been suggested (14,15). Also, the use of water insoluble comonomers based on acrylamide has been described (16). 

Popcorn polymers are also formed by some pure monovinyl compounds—for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and n-butyl methacrylate. In these cases, chemical crosslinking by combined polymer chain transfer and combination termination also seems to take place. 

Acrylic acid and its salts are raw materials for an important range of esters, including methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. The acid and its esters are used in polyacrylic acid and salts (including superabsorbent polymers, detergents, water treatment chemicals, and dispersants), surface coatings, adhesives and sealants, textiles, and plastic modifiers. 

Another approach to improving the properties of starch-filled polyolefin materials involves the use of ethylene-acrylate copolymers in blends with PE.45 Addition of copolymers of ethylene with methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate were shown to improve the properties of PE films, allowing for higher starch contents. Coextrusion of starch-containing films with outer layers incorporating oxidative pro-degradants has also been utilized 46 The inner layer can contain up to 40% starch the... 

These materials are the reaction product of a primary amine and either acrylic acid, an ester of acrylic acid such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate or crotonic acid. Either 1 or 2 mol of acrylate is used. If 1 mol is added, an N-alkyl (3-alanine is produced (Figure 6.6) and if 2 mol of acrylate per mole of amine is used, the corresponding carboxyethyl (3 -alanine derivative is produced (Figure 6.7). 

Tt has been observed recently (14, 15) that catalytic concentrations of - sulfur dioxide can easily initiate the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, and styrene at or near room temperature but fails to initiate polymerization in other monomers such as acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and vinyl pyridine under similar conditions. However, in the presence of catalytic concentrations of sulfur dioxide and a hydroperoxide, such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide, all the above monomers polymerize readily. The results of further investigations on vinyl polymerization in the presence of low concentrations of sulfur dioxide are reported here. 

Fig. 23. Polymerization of monomers in masticating polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate. Curves 1-6 1 ml methacrylic acid, styrene, methyl meft acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and vinyl acetate, respectively, in 3 g polystyrene. Curves 7-12 2 ml methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, ethyl acrylate, styrene, and vinyl acetate, respectively, in 3g polymethyl methacrylate. The limiting viscosity numbers for points along Curves 2 and S...

For more than decades, acrylic acid has served as an essential building block in the production of some of our most commonly used industrial and consumer products. Approximately two-thirds of the acrylic acid manufactured in the United States is used to produce acrylic esters - methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate -which, when polymerized, are ingredients in paints, coatings, textiles, adhesives, plastics, and many other applications. The remaining one-third of the acrylic acid is used to produce polyacrylic acid, or cross-linked polyacrylic acid compounds, which have been successfully used in the manufacture of hygienic... 

Unsaturated Esters Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate Isobutyl acrylate 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Isodecyl acrylate Glycidyl acrylate... 

Specifically mentioned monomers include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate (all isomers), butyl acrylates (all isomers), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, acrylic acid, benzyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, glycidyl acrylate,... 

It is highly exothermic A/f598 = —250 kJ/mol of acrylate (ethyl acrylate). The hydrogen formed does not appear. It is immediately consumed by side reactions leading in particular to the production of propionate, methanol, etc. 

Acrylic compound Acrylic acid Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate ... 

As reported above, a literature survey shows that the hydroformylation of this class of alkene has been scarcely investigated. Indeed, these studies have been devoted exclusively to the hydroformylation of arylic esters such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (Eq. 4) [18-21], Most attention has been focused on the hydroformylation of methyl acrylate to 2-formylpropanoate ester since the latter is used extensively for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and may also be considered as a potential source of methyl methacrylate [18]. 

Acryclic acid is obtained by the catalytic oxidation of propylene and acrylates (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate...) by alcohol esterification of the acid. The preparation of methacrylic acid involves the acidic hydrolysis of acetone cyanohydrin and methyl methacrylate is obtained by a similar process involving the methanolysis of acetone cyanohydrin. 

It is very clear that if the initiator has hydroxyl groups, and if the termination takes place exclusively by recombination then a polymeric diol is obtained [2, 3], which is ideal for polyurethane. If the termination takes place by disproportionation, only monofunctional compounds are obtained, which cannot be used in PU. The vinylic and dienic monomers used in practice have various termination mechanisms. Some monomers give only recombination reactions, such as styrene, acrylates (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate), acrylonitrile and butadiene. Other monomers give both mechanisms of termination, around 65-75% disproportionation and 25-35% recombination, such as methacrylates (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate etc.), substituted styrenes and other monomers [2, 3, 4]. 

Smooth, but one-way, mechanistic crossover from olefin polymerization to group-transfer polymerization is possible with lanthanocene catalysts, since insertion of an acrylate into the propagating metal alkyl to form an enolate is energetically favorable. Block copolymers of ethylene with MMA, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, or lactones have been prepared by sequential monomer addition to lanthanide catalysts and exhibit superior dyeing capabilities. However, the reverse order of monomer addition, i.e., (meth)acrylate followed by ethylene, does not give diblocks since the conversion of an enolate (or alkox-ide) to an alkyl is not favored. Therefore, although... 

Read-across (or SAR) can be readily understood by visualising a grid with chemical substances along one axis and toxic endpoints the other. If the chemicals are structurally related by virtue of all having acrylate groups—methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, and n-butyl acrylate—the second axis would include acute oral and dermal toxicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and aquatic toxicity. If two or three of the structurally related chemicals have the same toxicity profile, then one could extrapolate these results... 

Okieimen, F.E., Ogbeifun, D.E., (1996), Graft copolymerization of modified cellulose grafting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and ethyl methacrylate on carboxymethyl cellulose. Eurofean Polymer Journal, Vol. 32, No. 3, (March 1996), pp 311-315, ISSN 0014-3057. 

Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate Butyl acrylate Dodecyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate Octyl methacrylate Dodecyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Vinyl acetate Vinyl stearate Vinyl pelargonate Methyl vinyl ether Ethyl vinyl ether Octyl vinyl ether Dodecyl vinyl ether Vinyl chloride Vinyl bromide Vinyl iodide Methyl acrylate Butyl acrylate Octyl acrylate Dodecyl acrylate Octadodecyl acrylate Maleic anhydride Tetrachloroethylene Methyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate Octyl methacrylate Vinyl chloride Vinyl chloride Ethyl vinyl ether Butyl vinyl ether Heptyl vinyl ether Hexadecyl vinyl ether Methyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate Heptyl methacrylate Hexadecyl methacrylate Maleic anhydride Vinyl acetate Methyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate Diethyl maleate... 

Various vinyl monomers were grafted onto nylon fibers by using benzoyl peroxide in the presence of inorganic salts such as sodium or potassium chloride and sodium or potassium sulfate[42,43]. The vinyl monomers include acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, and mixtures of these monomers. Sakurada. et al. [43,44] investigated grafting eflBciency for various radical initiators. They foimd that pero disulfate systems... 

Pinishes are applied to the PAN fiber to improve handling and include silicones (modified polysiloxanes) [132] and trimethylol propane-ethylene oxide adduct [133-135]. These finishes are burned off in the latter stages of stabilization, or in the initial stages of the low temperature carbonization furnace and the breakdown products should be volatile to permit removal. At one time, it was common practice to use adventitious sizes applied prior to the stabilization stage to protect the cosmetics of the oxidized fiber during oxidation. These sizes should preferably break down into gaseous components at about 200° C and typical sizes are the ammonium salt of polystyrene maleic anhydride copolymer, ethyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate and polyacrylic acid. 

Dichloro-l-propyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate-C(9-glycidyl methacrylate Single Tg II had 65 % ethyl acrylate Davis et al. (1981)... 

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