Ethyl acrylate copolymer

Acramin Binder 27 Acramin Binder 1900D Butyl acrylate/methyl acrylate/ methylmethacrylate copolymer. Ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate copolymer binder, iaminating... 

Acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymer Ethyl acrylate binder, nonwoven fabrics AcrylatesA/A copolymer 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Natural rubber latex Polyvinyl acetate... 

The apparatus is described and details given of its use with PETP homopolymer, PS/poly(vinyl methyl ether) miscible blend and styrene-styrenesulphonic acid copolymer/ethyl acrylate-4-vinylpyridine copolymer ionomer blend with ionic interactions. Orientation and relaxation curves were obtained for all three samples. It is concluded that the technique is very efficient for obtaining curves with high precision. For these three systems, the relaxation rate increases with temperature. 

Pinishes are applied to the PAN fiber to improve handling and include silicones (modified polysiloxanes) [132] and trimethylol propane-ethylene oxide adduct [133-135]. These finishes are burned off in the latter stages of stabilization, or in the initial stages of the low temperature carbonization furnace and the breakdown products should be volatile to permit removal. At one time, it was common practice to use adventitious sizes applied prior to the stabilization stage to protect the cosmetics of the oxidized fiber during oxidation. These sizes should preferably break down into gaseous components at about 200° C and typical sizes are the ammonium salt of polystyrene maleic anhydride copolymer, ethyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate and polyacrylic acid. 

Some other vinyl monomers were also allowed to react with the poly(NMAAm) radical at 40 °C for ISh to prepare the corresponding block copolymers ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BA), benzyl acrylate (BzA), MMA, CHMA and St. 

Under conditions of extreme acidity or alkalinity, acryhc ester polymers can be made to hydroly2e to poly(acryhc acid) or an acid salt and the corresponding alcohol. However, acryhc polymers and copolymers have a greater resistance to both acidic and alkaline hydrolysis than competitive poly(vinyl acetate) and vinyl acetate copolymers. Even poly(methyl acrylate), the most readily hydroly2ed polymer of the series, is more resistant to alkah than poly(vinyl acetate) (57). Butyl acrylate copolymers are more hydrolytically stable than ethyl acrylate copolymers (58). 

A typical process for the preparation of a 94.8% ethyl acrylate—5.2% acryUc acid copolymer as an approximately 39% solution in ethyl acetate is given... 

Emulsion Polymerization. Emulsion polymerization is the most important industrial method for the preparation of acryhc polymers. The principal markets for aqueous dispersion polymers made by emulsion polymerization of acryhc esters are the paint, paper, adhesives, textile, floor pohsh, and leather industries, where they are used principally as coatings or binders. Copolymers of either ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate with methyl methacrylate are most common. 

This type of adhesive is generally useful in the temperature range where the material is either leathery or mbbery, ie, between the glass-transition temperature and the melt temperature. Hot-melt adhesives are based on thermoplastic polymers that may be compounded or uncompounded ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymers, paraffin waxes, polypropylene, phenoxy resins, styrene—butadiene copolymers, ethylene—ethyl acrylate copolymers, and low, and low density polypropylene are used in the compounded state polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes are used in the mosdy uncompounded state. 

An a priori method for choosing a surfactant was attempted by several researchers (50) using the hydroph i1 e—1 ip oph i1 e balance or HLB system (51). In the HLB system a surfactant soluble in oil has a value of 1 and a surfactant soluble in water has a value of 20. Optimum HLB values have been reported for latices made from styrene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and their copolymers and range from 11 to 18. The HLB system has been criticized as being imprecise (52). 

AH-acryHc (100%) latex emulsions are commonly recognized as the most durable paints for exterior use. Exterior grades are usuaHy copolymers of methyl methacrylate with butyl acrylate or 2-ethyIhexyl acrylate (see Acrylic ester polymers). Interior grades are based on methyl methacrylate copolymerized with butyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate. AcryHc latex emulsions are not commonly used in interior flat paints because these paints typicaHy do not require the kind of performance characteristics that acryHcs offer. However, for interior semigloss or gloss paints, aH-acryHc polymers and acryHc copolymers are used almost exclusively due to their exceUent gloss potential, adhesion characteristics, as weU as block and print resistance. 

Copolymers of sodium acrylate with sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate (AMPS) or /V, /V- dim ethyl acryl am i de (52) have been used to prepare cross-linked systems at high temperatures and salinity. Chromium cross-linked gels, prepared from a 3 1 blend of partially hydrolyzed... 

Intrinsic viscosity—molecular weight relationships have been obtained for copolymers in methyl ethyl ketone. The value for a 15 wt % ethyl acrylate (EA) copolymer is [77] = 2.88 x 10 . ... 

The earliest study describing vulcanised polymers of esters of acryUc acid was carried out in Germany by Rohm (2) before World War I. The first commercial acryUc elastomers were produced in the United States in the 1940s (3—5). They were homopolymers and copolymers of ethyl acrylate and other alkyl acrylates, with a preference for poly(ethyl acrylate) [9003-32-17, due to its superior balance of properties. The main drawback of these products was the vulcanisation. The fully saturated chemical stmcture of the polymeric backbone in fact is inactive toward the classical accelerators and curing systems. As a consequence they requited the use of aggressive and not versatile compounds such as strong bases, eg, sodium metasiUcate pentahydrate. To overcome this limitation, monomers containing a reactive moiety were incorporated in the polymer backbone by copolymerisation with the usual alkyl acrylates. 

In order to improve the physical properties of HDPE and LDPE, copolymers of ethylene and small amounts of other monomers such as higher olefins, ethyl acrylate, maleic anhydride, vinyl acetate, or acryUc acid are added to the polyethylene. Eor example, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), although linear, has a significant number of branches introduced by using comonomers such as 1-butene or 1-octene. The linearity provides strength, whereas branching provides toughness. 

Ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers are very similar to the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. The former materials are considered to have higher abrasion resistance and heat resistance whilst the EVA have been considered to be tougher and of greater clarity. 

Whilst vinyl acetate is reluctant to copolymerise it is in fact usually used today in copolymers. Two of particular interest to the plastics industry are ethylene-vinyl acetate (Chapter 11) and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers (Chapter 12). In surface coatings internal plasticisation to bring the Tg to below ambient temperatures and thus facilitate film forming is achieved by the use of ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and dialkyl maleates and fumarates. 

A number of thermosetting acrylic resins for use as surface coatings have appeared during recent years. These are generally complex copolymers and terpolymers such as a styrene-ethyl acrylate-alkoxy methyl acrylamide... 

A number of other copolymers with vinylidene chloride as the major component have been marketed. Prominent in the patent literature are methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate. 

A number of higher poly(vinyl ether)s, in particular the ethyl and butyl polymers, have found use as adhesives. When antioxidants are incorporated, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes from poly(vinyl ethyl ether) are said to have twice the shelf life of similar tapes from natural rubber. Copolymers of vinyl isobutyl ether with methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate (Acronal series) and with vinyl chloride have been commercially marketed. The first two products have been used as adhesives and impregnating agents for textile, paper and leather whilst the latter (Vinoflex MP 400) has found use in surface coatings. 

Qiu et al. [241 have reported the synthesis of macromolecules having 4-tolylureido pendant groups, such as poly(N-acryloyl-N -4-tolylurea-cvi ethyl acrylate) [po-ly(ATU-co-EA)] 18, and poly(N-methacryloyl-A/ -4-tol-ylurea-co-EA) [poly(MTU-co-EA)] 19, from the copolymerization of ATU and MTU with EA, respectively. Graft copolymerization of acrylamide onto the surface of these two copolymer films took place using the Ce(lV) ion as initiator. The graft copolymerization is proposed as Scheme (12). 

The crystallinity of the polymer could be varied to some extent by changing the reaction conditions and by adding comonomers such as vinyl acetate or ethyl acrylate. The copolymers have lower crystallinity but better flexibility, and the resulting polymer has higher impact strength. ... 

Oil-base (including oil-modified alkyd resin) paint films should not be used in alkaline environments as the paint will deteriorate owing to saponification alkali-resistant coatings are provided by some cellulose ethers, e.g. ethyl cellulose, certain polyurethane, chlorinated rubber, epoxy, p.v.c./ p.v.a. copolymer, or acrylic-resin-based paints. In particular, aluminium and its alloys should be protected by alkali-resistant coatings owing to the detrimental effects of alkali on these metals. 

Methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-styrene copolymer >10 9.2 1.7 90 4.400 440 0.020 0.025 ... 

RDX may be substituted for HMX in the formulation. Ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer (EA/AA) consists of from 90 to 96 parts acrylate and from 4 to about 10 parts acrylic acid. Those in Table 5 are about 95 parts ethyl acrylate and 5 parts acrylic acid. TVOPA is a difluoramino plasticizer for the EA/AA binders. Projected cost data for BTTN range from 1 /4 to 1 /6 that of TVOPA. 

Using magnesium ether carboxylates as emulsifier a porous polyvinylchloride can be made [218] and a propoxylated ether carboxylate is described as emulsifier to make an ethyl acrylate-styrene copolymer [219]. A crosslinked latex with a three-dimensional network is achieved by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer with a reactive saturated monomer using ether carboxylate as emulsifier [220]. 

A variety of ionomers have been described in the research literature, including copolymers of a) styrene with acrylic acid, b) ethyl acrylate with methacrylic acid, and (c) ethylene with methacrylic acid. A relatively recent development has been that of fluorinated sulfonate ionomers known as Nafions, a trade name of the Du Pont company. These ionomers have the general structure illustrated (10.1) and are used commercially as membranes. These ionomers are made by copolymerisation of the hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon monomers with minor amounts of the appropriate acid or ester. Copolymerisation is followed by either neutralisation or hydrolysis with a base, a process that may be carried out either in solution or in the melt. 

FIGURE 3.4 Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of acrylic copolymer-silica hybrid nanocomposites synthesized from (a) 10 wt% and (b) 50 wt% tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) concentrations. The first number in the legend indicates the wt% of ethyl acrylate (EA) (85) in the ethyl acrylate-butyl acrylate (EA-BA) copolymer, N stands for nanocomposite, and the last number (10, 50) is indicative of the tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) concentration. (From Patel, S., Bandyopadhyay, A., Vijayabaskar, V., and Bhowmick, A.K., J. Mater. Sci., 41, 926, 2006. Courtesy of Springer.)... 

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