Mouse lymphoma

Steinberg, R. A. A kinase-negative mutant of s49 mouse lymphoma cells is defective in posttranslational maturation of catalytic subunitof cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase. Mol. Cell Biol. 11 (1991) 705-712. 

Histones (from S4A mouse lymphoma). Purification used a macroprocess column, heptafluorobutyric acid as solubilising and ion-pairing agent and an acetonitrile gradient. [McCroskey et al. Anal Biochem 163 427 1987.]... 

An in-vitro test with mammalian cells (chromosomal damage or mouse lymphoma tk assay)... 

McGregor DB, Brown A, Cattanach P, et al. 1988. Responses of the L5178Y tk+/tk- mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay III. 72 coded chemicals. Environ Mol Mutagen 12 85-154. 

Hurwitz et al. [256] used a hydrazide derivative of poly(glutamic acid) as a carrier for daunamycin. This was less toxic than free drug against mouse lymphoma in vitro, but it was as effective, or more effective, against the same lymphoma in vivo. 

Mouse lymphoma L5178Y thymidine kinase locus... 

Garner RC, Campbell J. 1985. Tests for the induction of mutations to ouabain or 6-thioguanine resistance in mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells. In Ashby J, de Serres FJ, et al., eds. Progress in mutation research. Vol. 5. Evaluation of short-terms tests for carcinogens. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Elsevier Science Publishers, 525-529. 

Amacher, D.E., S C Pail lei. G.N.Tumer, V.A.Ray, and D.S.Salsburg. 1980. Point mutations at the thymidine kinase locus in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. II. Test validation and interpretation. Mutat. Res. 72 447-474. 

McGregor, D.B., A.G.Brown, S.Howgate, D.McBride, C.Riach, and W.J.Caspary. 1991. Responses of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay. V. 27 coded chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 17 196-219. 

Brusick and Matheson (1976) reported that 1,1-dimethylhydrazine failed to increase reversions in Salmonella typhimurium or Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene mutation assays with or without metabolic activation. A concentration-related response was observed in the mouse lymphoma assay (with activation). Dominant lethal tests were negative. 

Matheson et al. (1978) reported the results of a battery of in vivo and in vitro assays to assess the genotoxicity of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. Included were the Ames Salmonella microsome assay, a microbial suspension assay, mutation induction at the TK locus in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, stimulation of UDS in WI-38 cells, and a dominant lethal assay in mice. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine was active in all of the tests except the dominant lethal assay. 

In a study using cultured L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, Rogers and Back (1981) reported that both 1,1-dimethylhydrazine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced forward mutations at the thymidine kinase level in the absence of an extraneous metabolic activation system. The investigators also noted that the two dimethylhydrazines appeared to have different modes of action under these conditions. 

Rogers, A.M., and K.C.Back. 1981. Comparative mutagenicity of hydrazine and 3 methylated derivatives in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Mutat. Res. 89 321-328. 

The mouse lymphoma forward mutation test at the thymidine kinase locus (detects mutations to a nonfunctional thymidine kinase in a line of culture mouse lymphoma cells). 

Joseph, D.B. and Bidlack, J.M., The kappa-opioid receptor expressed on the mouse lymphoma cell line Rl.l contains a sulfhydryl group at the binding site, Fur J. Pharmacol., 267, 1, 1994. 

In a battery of mutagenicity and genotoxicity studies, PGDN tested negative except in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells where it induced mutations at... 

In vitro mammalian cell test (chromosome aberration test or mouse lymphoma assay)... 

In vitro cytogenetic assay using mouse lymphomas tk cells Chromosome Mammalian In vitro... 

The L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) for mutants at the TK locus. 

The TK+/ fine was originally isolated as a spontaneously arising revertant clone from a UV-induced TK / clone. The parental TK+/+ cell and the heterozygote were then the only TK-competent mouse lymphoma cells that could be maintained in THMG medium (3 pg ml-1 thymidine, 5 pg ml-1 hypoxanthine, 0.1 pg ml-1 methotrexate and 7.5 pg ml-1 glycine) (Clive, 1987). Thus, like most established lines, these cells are remote from wild-type cells. The karyotype of the TK+/ —3.7.2C line has a modal chromosome number of 40 like wild-type, but has a variety of chromosomal rearrangements and centromeric heteromorphisms (Blazak et al., 1986). 

Two main protocols have been devised for carrying out mutation assays with mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells, plating the cells in soft agar or a fluctuation test approach. The latter is described in the following section, based on Cole et al. (1986). The reader is referred to Clive et al. (1987) for a full description of the soft-agar method. 

When metabolic activation is used, S9 mix should not exceed 1-10 percent of the culture medium by volume. It has been shown that the S9 mix is clastogenic in CHO cells and mouse lymphoma cells (Cifone et al., 1987 Kirkland et al., 1989) but not in human lymphocytes, where blood components can inactivate active oxygen species which could cause chromosome damage. When S9 mix from animals treated with other enzyme-inducing agents such as phenobarbitone/beta-naphtho-flavone, is used, clastogenesis may be minimized (Kirkland et al., 1989). 

Applegate, M.L., Moore, M.M., Broder, C.B. et al. (1990). Molecular dissection of mutations at the heterozygous thymidine canise locus in mouse lymphoma cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 51-55. 

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