Butyl acrylate methyl methacrylate

A considerable viscosity increase in copolymers of tributylstannyl methacrylate with methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and styrene upon prolongated storage has been observed and special agents to eliminate this effect have been proposed 108). It is likely that the destruction of intermolecular coordination complexes formed by involvement of tin and carbonyl groups in comonomer units takes place in this case. 

Non-ionic polymers have also been blended with ionic block copolymers. Poly(vinyl phosphanate)-l7-polystyrene and PS-l -SPS have been blended with PPO. In both cases, improvements were seen in MeOH permeability over that of fhe unmodified block copolymers and conductivity values dropped as a function of increasing PPO confenf. PVDF has been blended wifh SEES in order fo improve its mechanical and chemical stability, but aggregation was found fo be a problem due fo incompafibility between components. However, it was found that a small amount (2 wt%) of a methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate block copolymer as com-patibilizer not only led to greater homogeneity but also improved mechanical resistance, water management, and conductivity. ... 

Three-step Synthesis of Core/Double Shell Particles of Methyl Methacrylate/ Butyl/Acrylate/Methyl Methacrylate... 

The cleavage of C-I bond can be achieved from various methods [373-375]. However, according to well chosen monomers, two main ways have been developed in order to control telomerisation from alkyl iodides iodine transfer polymerisation (ITP) and degenerative transfer. ITP can be easily applied to fluorinated monomers whereas degenerative transfer concerns the controlled polymerisation of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate [376] or styrene [377] and will not be discussed in this chapter. 

The modulus in this case is the secant modulus at 1% strain. Both polymers had the same composition 39/59/2 - methyl methacrylate/ butyl acrylate/acrylic acid. The power feed example was prepared such that butyl acrylate varied 0.83 — 0.30 and methyl methacrylate varied 0.15 — 0.68 as the polymerization proceeded, with x = 0.83. While both examples show the usual trend of high modulus at low temperature to low modulus at higher temperature, the power feed polymer exhibits a much broader transition region than the uniform example. 

Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Methyl-methacrylate-butyl acrylate copolymer... 

One way to achieve this result relies on the change in the relative monomer reactivity following composition drifts. Thus, in a combination ofhigh and low reactivity monomers, the former will preferentially react first, leaving a considerable proportion of the latter for copolymerization when the supply of the high reactive monomer is depleted. This has been confirmed in the terpolymerization of methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/vinyl acetate in the presence of the maleate Surfmer reported in Figure 6.49. 

Recently Uniqema has introduced commercially a Surfmer under the trade name of Maxemul 5011. Maxemul is produced by esterification of an unsaturated fatty anhydride with a methoxy PEG such that the reactive group is close to the hydrophilic moiety [ 34 ]. Stable latexes with a solid content of 52% were produced in the seeded emulsion polymerization of film-forming methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/acrylic acid (3% Surfmer on monomers, constant monomer feeding rate over 4 h, potassium persulfate/sodium metabisulfate redox initiator). The latexes were stable to electrolytes but not to freeze-thaw. 

Material. Optically clear films (about 5 mils thick) of three SA (saturated acrylic) plastics (3) that contained 25, 33, and 50% of an acrylic graft rubber (referred to as SA-1, SA-2, and SA-3) were compression molded. The acrylic graft rubber latices were latex blended with a resin latex composed primarily of methyl methacrylate, and the blend was coagulated. The compositions of these three polymers are as follows SA-1, 79/17/4 wt %—methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/styrene SA-2, 72/23/5 wt %—methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/styrene SA-3, 59/34/7 wt %—methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/styrene. All three graft rubbers contained low levels of a crosslinking comonomer (less than 1.0 wt %). 

Since the product here contains ionic and nonionic groups, it will be an anionic surfactant. Such materials, which are always formed in persulfate-initiated emulsion polymerizations, have been termed in situ surfactants. Their nature has not been studied extensively. In one study, of the polymerization of a 64 36 (w/w) methyl methacrylate butyl acrylate copolymer in the presence of a chain transfer... 

A number of polymer latices falling into this category have been described in the literature bot they are still relatively novel and have not received the extensive attention given to the more conventional latices. Probably the systems of this type most extensively characterized are those described by Hoy (1979) and Bassett and Hoy (1980) which were prepared by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and ethji acrylate with an unsaturated add such as itaconic, aciyh c, or methylacrylic. The particles obtained appeared to consist of a spherical core particle sur-... 

Some recent NMR studies on the copolymerization of allyl acetate with methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and styrene reported their reactivity ratios (cf Table IXb) [65]. The reported error terms, if we assume them to be standard deviations, are quite large with respect to the ri term. Therefore it is problematic whether these numbers are really meaningful. It would seem to us that the large f-2 terms imply that substantially only homopolymers of these three vinyl monomers form. This situation is modified in the case of allyl methacrylate or allyl acrylate copolymers, as will be mentioned below. With these acrylic derivatives, copolymerization depends on the acrylic bonds primarily with modifications due to the allylic hydrogen. Subsequently, the allylic units in a copolymer of allyl methacrylate with butyl methacrylate, for example, will be the sites for crosslinking. 

A variety of commercial polymerisation reactions have been followed using online Raman spectroscopy in which the progressive disappearance of the unsaturation provides a measurement of the extent of reaction. Emulsion co-polymerisation of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and styrene has been followed in this way [28]. 

Garden [81,84 Appendix 4.3] thoroughly reviewed and confirmed the assumptions of the Smith-Ewart theory, and (assuming collisional entry of radicals into particles) cast the equations into convenient forms for numerical calculations. Suitable values of the parameters were selected for several monomers (styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate) to which the theory could be e iq)ectBd to be applicable. Although these values fit the experimental results well, some of them difier significantly from what now seen to be the best values there may be a compensauon of errors. 

Furthermore, their polymer class and composition may be determined. The PVA type has a vinyl acetate/2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer binder. The acrylic is a methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate copolymer. The alkyd enamel is an orthophthalic alkyd type, and the epoxy is a bisphenol A type. 

Ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ediylhexyl alcohol, isooctene Phenol, isopropenyl phenol, bisphenol A Indene, vinyl toluene... 

MBM methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate... 

Acrylic acid Methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate Carboxyl [41]... 

It was assumed that three monomers would be used in this stndy methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and styrene. The possiblity of using styrene seemed to he especially interesting because of its very low cost compared to the other monomers. The other two monomers were selected for the significant differences in their polarity and solnhility in water that might affect the particle morphology and the T of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl acrylate). Difunctional acrylate monomer (1,4-hntanediol dimethacrylate) was also used in some experiments since it encouraged the formation of an IPN strncture. 

These RAFT agents are based on the structure [S=C(Ph)S-R] [277] They found that the effectiveness of these agents also depends upon the nature of the monomer and on the polymerization conditions. For the polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and methyl acrylate at 60°C, the effectiveness of R decreases in the following order [277] ... 

Butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate Butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate Single Tg clear films Difference in composition between I and n <10 % methyl methacrylate Kollinsky and Markeit (1969, 1971)... 

Copolymer from methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate Copolymer from methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, diallyl maleate, and trimethylol propane triacrylate Methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymer Methyl methacrylate-methyl acrylate copolymer Methyl methacrylate-co-A -phenylmaleimide copolymer Copolymer from methyl methacrylate and a-methyl styrene Methyl methacrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer Copolymer of methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, and acrylic acid... 

Latex with hydroxyl functionalised cores of a methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer, and carboxyl functionalised shells of a methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/methacrylic acid copolymer was prepared by free radical polymerisation. The latex was crosslinked using a cycloaliphatic diepoxide added by three alternative modes with the monomers during synthesis dissolved in the solvent and added after latex preparation and emulsified separately, then added. The latex film properties, including viscoelasticity, hardness, tensile properties, and water adsorption were evaluated as functions of crosslinker addition mode. Latex morphology was studied by transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. Optimum results were achieved by introducing half the epoxide by two-step emulsion polymerisation, the balance being added to the latex either in solution or as an emulsion. 8 refs. 

Hybrid miniemulsion polymerisation was carried out with methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylic acid in the presence of oil-modified PU resin. Latexes with... 

The composition and microstracture of polymers in a latex system were studied by pyrolysis gas chromatography. The composition and microstructure of a polymer in the emulsion phase were identified by direct pyrolysis of the latex system, followed by comparing the trimer peak pattern with appropriate microstructure standards. The polymer in the aqueous phase was pre-pyrolysis derivatised with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide to convert the acid to its butyl ester. Similar procedures were then used to explore the composition and microstructure of the polymer in the aqueous phase. Polymers analysed included SCX-2660 (probably a styrene-methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate terpolymer), styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer and styrene-alpha-methylstyrene-butyl acrylate terpolymer. 17 refs. 

No.25, 1997, p.6097-102 COLLOIDAL AND ELECTROKINETIC BEHAVIOUR OF METHYL METHACRYLATE-BUTYL ACRYLATE COPOLYMER LATEX PARTICLES... 

Methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate copolymer latex particles were synthesised by both seeded and unseeded semicontinuous emulsion copolymerisation. Particle size and surface charge densities were characterised by TEM and potentiometric and conductimetric titrations. An investigation of the effect of surface density on zeta-potential is described. 18 refs. 

Impact Modifiers Impact modifiers are either systems with spherical elastomer particles in a rigid polymer matrix or they are systems with a honeycomb, network type of dispersed elastomeric phase. For the spherical elastomeric particles, examples are acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) and acrylics. These systems are either graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate-styrene or methyl methacrylate-ethylhexyl acrylate-styrene. For the honeycomb, network type of dispersed elastomeric phase ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) or directly dispersed rubber are examples. Both of these two impact modifiers exist in the polymeric form, hence they can hardly migrate and evaporate because of their size. As a result, they pose almost no problems to health. For PVC window frame production, usually the first type (and acrylic impact modifiers) are used while MBS modifiers are found to be very effective in plasticised as well as in rigid PVC. CPE is mainly used in PVC for products like sheet, pipe, gutters and sidings. 

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