Aliphatic esters ethyl acrylate

Aliphatic a,/3-unsaturated esters undergo the hydroformylation reaction. Ethyl acrylate, ethyl crotonate, and diethyl fumarate react as shown in Equations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. 

To improve dyeability, flexibility, and toughness of isotactic polypropylene, PP, it was compounded in a Banbury-type mixer with ethylene-vinyl acetate, 7 wt% EVAc. Several other ethylene copolymers were also used. In Miliprint patent, EVAc or ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, 18-32 wt% EVAc or EEA, was found to improve impact strength, elongation, and low brittleness temperature of PP. hi Firestone patent, linear polybutadiene, BR, was used. The Mitsubishi patent disclosed improvements of PP impact strength properties by blending it with 0.5-25 wt% ethylene-aliphatic esters, e.g., EVAc... 

The monomers which have been investigated include methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate ester, hydroxy acrylates and methacrylates, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylamide, vinylidene chloride, acrylic acid, vinyl pyrollidone and styrenec Many copolymer latexes of these monomers have also been preparedc Undoubtedly the most amenable system for model studies is methyl methacrylate in aliphatic hydrocarbono... 

Direct, acid catalyzed esterification of acryhc acid is the main route for the manufacture of higher alkyl esters. The most important higher alkyl acrylate is 2-ethyIhexyi acrylate prepared from the available 0x0 alcohol 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (see Alcohols, higher aliphatic). The most common catalysts are sulfuric or toluenesulfonic acid and sulfonic acid functional cation-exchange resins. Solvents are used as entraining agents for the removal of water of reaction. The product is washed with base to remove unreacted acryhc acid and catalyst and then purified by distillation. The esters are obtained in 80—90% yield and in exceUent purity. 

Polymerization of bis[ -(allyloxycarbonyl)phenyl] esters of aliphatic and aromatic dicarboxylic acids to produce highly cross-linked polymers witii good optico-mechanical properties [126]. This study should be compared with the more recent work of Ref. [80a] on the polymerization of ethyl a-[(allyloxy)methyl]acrylate. 

Acrylic sealants are water-based but they may also contain ethylene and propylene glycols, mineral spirits and mineral oil. There are also solvent-based aerylie sealants which contain substantial amounts of solvents sueh as mineral spirits, toluene and xylene. Polysulfide sealants usually contain toluene but methyl ethyl ketone is also used. The group of class B sealants contains substantially more solvents (up to 40% by volume) but there are some exceptions. PVC sealants are based on plastisols and they ean be made without solvents. Butyl rubber based sealants usually eontain hydroearbons (Q-Cn). Styrene-buta-diene-styrene based sealants usually have a large amount of solvents seleeted from a group including toluene, heptane, hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl isobutyrate, n-amyl acetate, n-amyl ketone. They are usually processed in solvent mixtures. Polyehloroprene is usually dissolved in a mixture of solvents ineluding ketones or esters, and aromatie and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The list includes naphtha, hexane, aeetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, and toluene. 

Poly(methyl methacrylate) prepared by free radical polymerization is amorphous and is therefore soluble in solvents of similar solubility parameter. Effective solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and ethylene dichloride and esters such as ethyl acetate and amyl acetate. Some organic materials, although not solvents for the polymer, cause crazing and cracking, e.g., aliphatic alcohols and amines. Poly(methyl methacrylate) has very good resistance to attack by water, alkalis, aqueous inorganic salts and most dilute acids. Some dilute acids such as hydrocyanic and hydrofluoric acids, however, do attack the polymer, as do concentrated oxidizing acids. Poly(methyl methacrylate) has much better resistance to hydrolysis than poly(methyl acrylate), probably by virtue of the... 

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