Ethyl acrylate-maleic anhydride

In order to improve the physical properties of HDPE and LDPE, copolymers of ethylene and small amounts of other monomers such as higher olefins, ethyl acrylate, maleic anhydride, vinyl acetate, or acryUc acid are added to the polyethylene. Eor example, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), although linear, has a significant number of branches introduced by using comonomers such as 1-butene or 1-octene. The linearity provides strength, whereas branching provides toughness. 

Further, the effect of the reinforcement of carbon nanotubes on the properties of the recycled PET/PEN blends has been investigated [83]. Two types of functional elastomers, a terpolymer of ethylene ethyl acrylate-maleic anhydride and a terpolymer of ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate, have been used to ensure the miscibility between poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) during the preparation of the blends. 

A morphological analysis revealed that the blends and composites which contain ethylene ethyl acrylate-maleic anhydride polymer exhibit a better elastomer phase dispersion with smaller domain sizes in comparison to the other elastomer. The addition of the carbon nanotubes also improves the mechanical properties of the samples for both elastomer types [83]. 

Cyclopentadiene (dimerization) Ethyl acrylate Maleic anhydride T etr acy anoethylene... 

Ethylene-ethyl acrylate-maleic anhydride (E-EA-MA) terpolymer Anhydride 0.3-3 % MA High reactivity with the amine (NH2) end group of PA Moderate Tg limits low-temperature toughness... 

Thermoplastic starch can also be blended with polyolefins [131 ]. In this case about 50% of thermoplastically processable starch is mixed with 40% of polyethylene and 10% of ethyl acrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer. During this mixing process an esterification reaction takes place between the maleic anydride groups in the copolymer and the free hydroxyl groups in starch. 

Methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Ethyl acrylate Maleic anhydride Vinyl chloride Vinyl acetate... 

Freshly extruded, 50 tm C2H -ethyl acrylate-maleic anhydride copolymer film is treated by 500 ml/m oxygen containing 10 g/m ozone and is calendered with 200 tm monolayer C2CIF3 - polymer film at 15°C to produce moisture-proof packaging material with intra-layer adhesion of 800 g/15 mm and thermosealing force of 3.6 kg/15 mm against 250 and 1.3, respectively, in the absence of ozone treatment [119]. 

We have previously reported a practical and cost-effective method to obtain PDMS-polyolefin compounds by reactive melt mixing of an ethylene-ethyl acrylate-maleic anhydride (EEAMA) copolymer and aminopropyl terminated PDMS. In this study, the PDMS-modified polyolefin (PMPO) is used as a processing aid for the extrusion of a LLDPE. Improvements in extrudate surface quality and shear stress reduction after adding 5 wt% of PMPO with different levels of PDMS content are presented and related to changes in the surface free energy of the PMPO. The friction coefficients of PMPO and its compounds with LLDPE were measured in an effort to provide experimental support of the observed behavior. 

Methyl acrylate Ethyl acrylate Butyl acrylate Dodecyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate Octyl methacrylate Dodecyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Vinyl acetate Vinyl stearate Vinyl pelargonate Methyl vinyl ether Ethyl vinyl ether Octyl vinyl ether Dodecyl vinyl ether Vinyl chloride Vinyl bromide Vinyl iodide Methyl acrylate Butyl acrylate Octyl acrylate Dodecyl acrylate Octadodecyl acrylate Maleic anhydride Tetrachloroethylene Methyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate Octyl methacrylate Vinyl chloride Vinyl chloride Ethyl vinyl ether Butyl vinyl ether Heptyl vinyl ether Hexadecyl vinyl ether Methyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate Heptyl methacrylate Hexadecyl methacrylate Maleic anhydride Vinyl acetate Methyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate Diethyl maleate... 

Note Maximum ambient levels for ethylene oxide are 0.3 ppb at the plant fence. Maximum total emissions of the VOCs acetaldehyde, acrylic acid, benzyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorofluorocarbons, ethyl acrylate, halons, maleic anhydride, 1,1,1-trichlorethane, trichloroethylene, and trichlorotoluene are 20 mg/Nnf. Maximum total heavy metal emissions are 1.5 mg/Nnf. 

Petrillo reported that the bis-acetoxymethylpyrrole 83 undergoes a sequential Diels-Alder reaction of the in situ generated 2,3-dimethylpyrrole with carbodienophiles (such as maleic anhydride, maleimide, ethyl maleate, fumaronitrile, and ethyl acrylate) to afford the octahydrocarbazoles 84 which can be oxidized with DDQ to the corresponding carbazole derivatives . 

Figure 14.9 Effect of various impact modifiers (25wt%) on the notched Izod impact strength of recycled PET (as moulded and annealed at 150°C for 16 h) E-GMA, glycidyl-methacrylate-functionalized ethylene copolymer E-EA-GMA, ethylene-ethyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (72/20/8) terpolymer E-EA, ethylene-ethyl acrylate EPR, ethylene propylene rubber MA-GPR, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber MBS, poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(butadiene/styrene) BuA-C/S, poly(butyl acrylate-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) core/shell rubber. Data taken from Akkapeddi etal. [26]...

Diels-Alder and hetero [4 -I- 2] cycloadditions of l-(l,3-butadien-l-yl)benzotriazole (638) with N-phenylmaleimide, maleic anhydride, ethyl acrylate, Eschenmoser salt, and nitrosobenzene give a... 

Macroradicals obtained by the copolymerization of equimolar quantities of styrene and maleic anhydride in benzene or in cumene were also used as initiators to produce block copolymers with methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate. The yields of these block copolymers were less than those obtained with styrene, but as much as 38% of methyl methacrylate present in the benzene solution added to the macroradical to produce a block copolymer. The amount of ethyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate that was abstracted from the solution to form block copolymers was 35 and 20%. 

PMA homopolymer is also available as a neutralized salt and in several grades, often with precise molecular weight distributions, for special applications such as antiscalent duty in seawater distillation and sugar evaporator processes. Maleic anhydride chemistry has also been successfully developed to provide functional components in copolymers [examples are acrylic acid, maleic anhydride (AA/MA) and sulfonated styrene, maleic anhydride (SS/MA)] and terpolymers [example is maleic anhydride, ethyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate (MA/EA/VA)]. 

Maleic anhydride, ethyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate terpolymer... 

MA/EA/VA) (polymer is approx. 80% hydrolyzed maleic anhydride, 10% ethyl acrylate, 10% vinyl acrylate) has been available for many years and exhibits properties similar to those of PMA. It cannot operate at the same extremes of service, but is of lower cost and competes well with other technologies. It has better general dispersion properties than many polyacrylates and is less sensitive to soluble iron. It can often replace polyacrylates as a phosphonate activity enhancer. 

Ca->,POa, inhibition/dispersion, Ca Phosphonate control, Fe stabilization MA/EA/VA Maleic anhydride/ethyl acrylate/vinyl acrylate examples Belclene 283, Polycol 90... 

Abbreviations y x AFM AIBN BuMA Ca DCP DMA DMS DSC EGDMA EMA EPDM FT-IR HDPE HTV IPN LDPE LLDPE MA MAA MDI MMA PA PAC PB PBT PBuMA PDMS PDMS-NH2 interfacial tension viscosity ratio atomic force microscopy 2,2 -azobis(isobutyronitrile) butyl methacrylate capillary number dicumyl peroxide dynamic mechanical analysis dynamic mechanical spectroscopy differential scanning calorimetry ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ethyl methacrylate ethylene-propylene-diene rubber Fourier transform-infra-red high density polyethylene high temperature vulcanization interpenetrating polymer network low density polyethylene linear low density polyethylene maleic anhydride methacrylic acid 4,4 -diphenylmethanediisocyanate methyl methacrylate poly( amide) poly( acrylate) poly(butadiene) poly(butylene terephtalate) poly(butyl methacrylate) poly(dimethylsiloxane) amino-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)... 

Examples of acid modified polyolefins are the copolymers of ethylene with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Variations include the partially neutralised acid copolymers with metal ions (ionomers) or terpolymers of ethylene, an acid and an acrylate such as methyl acrylate or isobutyl acrylate. Acid-containing extrudable adhesives are widely used to bond to aluminium foil. Examples of anhydride-modified polyolefins include terpolymers of ethylene, maleic anhydride and acrylates such as ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate and the anhydride-grafted polyolefins. Some typical applications and stmctures of a variety of multilayer materials with extruded polymer tie-layer adhesives, as described in Du-Pont trade literature, are detailed in Table 16.2. 

Terpolymers of ethylene maleic anhydride and ethyl acrylate or bntyl acrylate Maleic acid and acrylate esters Low Low... 

Neutral or negatively charged polymeric resins are commonly employed to provide styling benefits in products such as mousses, gels, hairsprays, and setting lotions. Typical examples in use today are the copolymer of vinyl acetate and cro-tonic acid, the copolymer of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate (PVP/VA), the ethyl ester of the copolymer of polyvinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride (PVM/MA), and the copolymer of octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl methacrylate (Amphomer). 

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