Ethyl acrylate rubber

In the poly(ethyl acrylate)rubbers described above spirobenzopyran and aromatic azo chromophores were incorporated in the cross-links between the polyacrylic chains. In contrast, Matejika and al. studied cross-linked systems with azo side groups they considered especially the relative importance of the thermal effects occurring during photomechanical conversion. Most interesting are their results on copolymers ccmtaining low concentrations of chromophore (for which heat effects are less important), namely copolymers of )8-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (0.99) and azonaphthol methacrylate (XII) (0.01) swollen in water... 

Fig, 13. Influence of tensile force f and Me on the photocontraction of photochromic poly(ethyl acrylate) rubbers Me = mean molecular weight between two next crosslinks... 

Ethyl acrylate rubber Single Eg II was Hycar 405 lEP Fernandes et al. (1986c)... 

Grafting polymers onto the surface, e.g., ethyl acrylate rubber. 

Polymerization processes are characterized by extremes. Industrial products are mixtures with molecular weights of lO" to 10. In a particular polymerization of styrene the viscosity increased by a fac tor of lO " as conversion went from 0 to 60 percent. The adiabatic reaction temperature for complete polymerization of ethylene is 1,800 K (3,240 R). Heat transfer coefficients in stirred tanks with high viscosities can be as low as 25 W/(m °C) (16.2 Btu/[h fH °F]). Reaction times for butadiene-styrene rubbers are 8 to 12 h polyethylene molecules continue to grow lor 30 min whereas ethyl acrylate in 20% emulsion reacts in less than 1 min, so monomer must be added gradually to keep the temperature within hmits. Initiators of the chain reactions have concentration of 10" g mol/L so they are highly sensitive to poisons and impurities. 

A number of higher poly(vinyl ether)s, in particular the ethyl and butyl polymers, have found use as adhesives. When antioxidants are incorporated, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes from poly(vinyl ethyl ether) are said to have twice the shelf life of similar tapes from natural rubber. Copolymers of vinyl isobutyl ether with methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate (Acronal series) and with vinyl chloride have been commercially marketed. The first two products have been used as adhesives and impregnating agents for textile, paper and leather whilst the latter (Vinoflex MP 400) has found use in surface coatings. 

Improvement in the solvent and oil resistance of rubbers can be achieved via grafting of acrylonitrile onto rubber [140-142] and rubber blends [143]. The careful control of the degree of grafting allows vulcanized rubber with high-mechanical properties compared with ungrafted vulcanized rubber to be obtained. Also, acid resistance [144] and resistance to microbiological attack [145,146] was improved for cellulose grafted with acrylonitrile, and increases in base resistance were also noted for MMA and a mixture of MMA and ethyl acrylate [13],... 

FIGURE 3.12 Morphology of mbber-silica hybrid composites synthesized from solution process using different solvents (a) and (b) are the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures of acrylic rubber (ACM)-silica hybrid composites prepared from THF (T) and ethyl acetate (EAc) (E) and (c) and (d) are the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) pictures of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)-siUca hybrid composites synthesized from THF and chloroform (CH). (From Bandyopadhyay, A., De Sarkar, M., and Bhowmick, A.K., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 95, 1418, 2005 and Bandyopadhyay, A., De Sarkar, M., and Bhowmick, A.K., J. Mater. Sci., 40, 53, 2005. Courtesy of Wiley InterScience and Springer, respectively.)... 

Equation (23) was found to be obeyed by a number of systems such as poly(ethyl acrylate)-benzene, rubber-benzene, and poly(methyl acrylate)-ethyl acetate [12], According to the equation, a plot of [In(DT/D0)] l versus ([)[ will yield a straight line, and from its slope the free volume parameter p can be determined. To construct this plot,/( / , 0) is first calculated as [27]... 

The majority of plasticiser consumption is in CR and NBR. Plasticisers are also technically important in chlorosulphonated polyethylene, hydrogenated nitrile, ethyl acrylate copolymer, epichlorohydrin copolymer and ethylene-acrylic terpolymer. At around 10 kt/annum (Europe), total consumption of plasticisers is on a much smaller scale than the process oils used in hydrocarbon rubbers. Typical addition levels are below 20 phr. 

The flask is reimmersed in the ice bath, and 900-925 g. (54-5.5 moles), depending upon the weight of methylamine, of a 60 per cent solution of ethyl acrylate in ethyl alcohol (Note 4) is added in portions of about 100 cc. at such a rate that the temperature of the mixture does not rise above 40° this requires about ten minutes. After each addition the flask is stoppered to exclude moisture. When all the ester has been added the flask is closed by a rubber stopper and allowed to stand six days (Note 5). 

Figure 14.9 Effect of various impact modifiers (25wt%) on the notched Izod impact strength of recycled PET (as moulded and annealed at 150°C for 16 h) E-GMA, glycidyl-methacrylate-functionalized ethylene copolymer E-EA-GMA, ethylene-ethyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (72/20/8) terpolymer E-EA, ethylene-ethyl acrylate EPR, ethylene propylene rubber MA-GPR, maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber MBS, poly(methyl methacrylate)-g-poly(butadiene/styrene) BuA-C/S, poly(butyl acrylate-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) core/shell rubber. Data taken from Akkapeddi etal. [26]...

Acrylan, Dyne/ and Vinyon N are also acrylate resins or acrylics since they are copolymers of acrylonitrile. Acrylic rubbers, including acrylonitrile rubber are also of this general class Refs for Ethyl Methacrylate l)Beil 2, 423, (191) [399] 2)K.Auwers ... 

HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HMX HNS NTO NTO/HMX NTO/HMX NTO/HMX PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN PETN RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX RDX TATB/HMX Cariflex (thermoplastic elastomer) Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (polyurethane) Hydroxy-terminated polyester Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene) Nylon (polyamide) Polyester resin-styrene Polyethylene Polyurethane Poly(vinyl) alcohol Poly(vinyl) butyral resin Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Viton (fluoroelastomer) Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Cariflex (block copolymer of butadiene-styrene) Cariflex (block copolymer of butadiene-styrene) Estane (polyester polyurethane copolymer) Hytemp (thermoplastic elastomer) Butyl rubber with acetyl tributylcitrate Epoxy resin-diethylenetriamine Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene) Latex with bis-(2-ethylhexyl adipate) Nylon (polyamide) Polyester and styrene copolymer Poly(ethyl acrylate) with dibutyl phthalate Silicone rubber Viton (fluoroelastomer) Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Epoxy ether Exon (polychlorotrifluoroethylene/vinylidine chloride) Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (polyurethane) Kel-F (polychlorotrifluoroethylene) Nylon (polyamide) Nylon and aluminium Nitro-fluoroalkyl epoxides Polyacrylate and paraffin Polyamide resin Polyisobutylene/Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Polyester Polystyrene Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) Kraton (block copolymer of styrene and ethylene-butylene)... 

Polymer Selection. The polymer was selected on the basis of observations using salicylic acid-salicylate as analyte. The following organic polymers were examined polystyrene, methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate, Teflon, silicone rubber, PVC, and polyester. Ten-millimolar salicylic acid in 0.01 M HC1 was first extracted for 30 s and then back extracted with 0.1 M NaOH. Peak currents for back extractants (nA) were as follows PVC, 1780 methyl methacrylate-ethyl... 

Elastomers, prepared by free-radical initiated copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with cellulose to several hundred percent extent of grafting of poly (ethyl acrylate) onto cellulose, exhibited rubber-like behavior and second-order transition temperatures. Cellulose-poly (ethyl acrylate) elastomers had transition temperatures below —35°C, about — 20°C, and below 5°C when measured in ethyl acetate, dry air, and water, respectively (43, 44). 

The elastomers exhibited rubber-like behavior. From an examination of electron photomicrographs of cross sections of the elastomers, the fibrillar structure of the cellulose fibers apparently formed a network, and poly (ethyl acrylate) was distributed uniformly among the fibrils. The rigid crystalline regions of the cellulose fibers apparently stabilized the amorphous, grafted poly (ethyl acrylate) to determine the mechanical properties of the elastomers (43, 44). For example, typical elastic recovery properties for these elastomers are shown in Table X. 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

Under the heading acrylic elastomer the plastic literature has included a broad spectrum of carboxy-modified rubbers that have as a minor portion of the comonomers acrylic acid and/or its derivatives. However, in more recent usage the term acrylic elastomer is used to designate these rubbery products that contain a predominant amount of an acrylic ester, such as ethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate in the polymer chain. Fluoroacrylate elastomers are based on plastics prepared from the acrylic acid ester-dihydroperfluoro alcohols. 

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