Terrorism

Terrorism is defined in the Code of Federal Regulations as the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.  

FEMA s role in managing terrorism includes both antiterrorism and counterterrorism activities. Antiterrorism refers to defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of people and properly to terrorist acts, while counterterrorism includes offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism. Within the emergency management arena, antiterrorism is a hazard mitigation activity and counterterrorism falls within the scope of preparedness, response and recovery. 

Terrorism is often categorized as domestic or international. This distinction refers not to where the terrorist act takes place but rather to the origin of the individuals or groups responsible for it. For example, the 1995 bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City was an act of domestic ten orism, but the attacks of September 2001 were international in nature. 

For the purposes of consequence inanagement, the origin of the perpetraior(s) is of less importance than the impacts of the attack on life and property thus, the distinction between domestic and international ten orism is less relevant for the purposes of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery than understanding the capabilities of terrorist groups and how to respond to the impacts they can generate. 

On February 29, 1993, a bombing in die parking garage of the World Trade Center in New York City resulted in the deaths of five people and thousands of injuries. The bomb left a crater 200 by 100 feet wide and five stories deep. The World Trade Center was the second largest building in the world and houses 100,000 workers and visitors each day. 

Terrorism is a covert and criminal act that provides problems for management and emergency service personnel. Many of these acts of terrorism deal with bomb incidents, bomb threats, and the taking of hostages. To be prepared, contact must be made with the local enforcement agencies, the FBI, and bomb disposal units. This allows for the assistance of more experienced personnel. 

Experience as shown that 95% of all bomb threats are hoaxes. However, such a threat may be authentic. Appropriate action should be taken to provide for the safety of employees and the community even if it turns out to be a hoax. 

If a suspicious object is spotted and thought to be a bomb the local authorities need to be notified and a bomb disposal unit contacted to ranove the object. 

Relevant sections of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (HSA) [125] and the Safe Explosives Act of that law, which is Tide II of that Act, are presented with applicable definitions of explosives and terrorism. 

The term terrorism, according to HSA, Sect. 4(15), is defined as any activity that — (A) involves an act that — (i) is dangerous to human life or potentially destructive of critical infrastructure or key resources and (ii) is a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State or other subdivision of the United States and (B) appears to be intended — (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population (ii) to influence the policy or a government by intimidation or coercion or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping. 

Explosives have enabled people and society to accomplish many remarkable engineering feats. They also are used maficiously to commit crimes such as murder. 

The term explosives and dangerous articles comprises not only explosives but also other dangerous articles such as, inflammable liquids, inflammable solids, oxidizing materials, corrosive liquids, compressed gases, and poisons. Gasoline and certain other petroleum products are classed as inflammable liquids. Explosives and dangerous articles are synonymous for motor carriers and vessels [129]. 

Homeland Security Act, Title XI, Subtide C contains the Safe Explosives Act [130]. The Act is designed to heighten security for explosive materials by requiring all persons desiring to obtain explosives, for any use, to possess a federal permit or hcense [131]. The Safe Explosives Act [132] addresses procedures and requirements in the following areas permits (Sect. 1122(a)—(e)) inspections (Sect. 1122(f)—(g)) background checks and clearances (Sect. 1122(h)) prohibitions on distribution and possession (Sect. 1123) required samples (Sect. 1124) reheffrom disabilities (Sect. 1126) theft report requirements (Sect. 1127) and authorization for appropriations (Sect. 1128). 

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Quite naturally, I attended many opera performances and rehearsals with neighbors and friends from early childhood on. 1 still remember a rehearsal conducted by a gentle, smallish man who became, however, a holy terror with the orchestra and the singers alike once he raised his baton. He was Arturo Toscanini. 

D. Lowe, "Crisis Management Marketing, Tampering Strategies for International and Domestic Marketplace Terrorism," San Fran. St. Univ. J. 1, (1990). 

In addition, discussions have focused on the effect of technology upon individual civil rights and civil liberties, terrorism, financial issues, and decaying technocarcasses. Such discussions have not utilized in-depth... 

U.S. Senate, Committee on the Judiciary. (1993). Terrorism ill America. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office. 

Congress has decided that reprocessing will not be practiced in this country so that we will not be in the plutonium production business. This seems like a safe thing to do since this action will minimize terrorism threats. Reprocessing generates chemi cal wastes but greatly reduces the volume of the highly radioactive waste. It also isolates plutonium and unused fuel for possible use as new fuel. 

There continnes to be public concern about the possibility of their being used in future. When Saddam Hussein was in power in Iraq, there was evidence that a chemical weapon of this type was used against Kurdish villagers. Subsequently, it was widely believed that these were among the weapons of mass destruction held by Saddam Hnssein s regime weapons that failed to materialize after the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Since these events, there has been concern that weapons of this type may be in the possession of rogne states— or individual terror groups. 

The process here symbolised is probably. . . the chemical reaction between metals and a chemical reagent and the subsequent restoration to a metallic condition... As the artist can see in the landscape graciousness, solemnity, terror, so Zosimos sees the rigour of death and pains of purgation in the turbid seething of the alchemical vessel. ... 

Deveiop new materiais that wiii protect citizens against terrorism. 

During a ride to a nearby park called Mt. Madonna, the youths were terrorized and one was stabbed. Very quickly, it became clear that Cavesuella was interested in revenge for his brother s shooting. Both youths protested that they were not in the other gang, nor had they been involved in the shooting. Their protests were to no avail. They were subsequently harrassed, interrogated, and stabbed repeatedly. There were approximately 140 stab wounds to the two bocies that were deposited by the side of a road. 

Non-REM parasomnias have variable prevalence rates depending on patient age and different diagnoses. Sleep talking, brux-ism, sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and enuresis occur more frequently in childhood than in adulthood. Nightmares appear to occur with similar frequency in adults and children. REM behavior disorder (RBD), an REM-sleep parasomnia, has a reported prevalence of 0.5% and frequently is associated with concomitant neurologic conditions.16 Chronic RBD is more common in elderly men and may have a familial disposition. 

Parasomnias are characterized by undesirable physical or behavioral phenomena that occur during sleep [e.g., sleepwalking, sleep talking, bruxism (grinding of teeth), enuresis, night terrors, and RBD]. RBD patients act out their dreams during sleep, often in a violent manner. 

Senior Chemist/Chemical Terrorism Coordinator Florida Department of Health Bureau of Laboratories-Miami... 

Appendix C is a quick reference chart for signs and symptoms of exposure to chemical terrorism agents. The chart is only meant as a guide and is not to be all-inclusive. 

PFA POD PROACT PROTECT probability of false alarms probability of detection Protective and Response Options for Airport Counter-Terrorism Program for Response Options and Technology Enhancements for Chemical/Biological Terrorism... 

The Technical Support Working Group is the U.S. national forum that identifies, prioritizes, and coordinates interagency and international research and development requirements for combating terrorism. 

National Research Council, Making the Nation Safer The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism, Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press, 2002. 

See, for example, Tracer Release Experiments at San Francisco International Airport to Improve Preparedness Against Chemical and Biological Terrorism, Sandia Report SAND2001-8380, Albuquerque, N.Mex. Sandia National Laboratories, June 2001. 

Now Richard of Gloucester has used his cleverness to turn on his own kin. I know—I pray—that Louis is still free, but such hope as that gives me is a small, weak thing, and on its heels comes always fear for him. But chief of my terrors, waking and sleeping, are those for my boy Ned, who is my son in all but name. When I think of his head stooped under who knows what pain, my heart cramps my breath is stopped painfully by grief, as if I have been struck a blow in the throat. 

But by night there was nothing to ease my terrors. Often I took Bess or Cecily into my bed, that I might find the strength to stop my tears and even take some comfort in their young scent and... 

It was a relief to wake, even with sore eyes and aching flesh, though by day the night s terrors still hovered in the dark edges of my mind. And even by daylight fear and grief for my boys lay in my heart, as heavy as lead. The days wore on, and we lived almost as straitly as if we were indeed in prison. 

Ruiz, Teofilo F. Terror of history mystics, heretics, and witches in the western tradition. The Teaching Company. 

This is a fascinating story of an terror-stricken young Englishman who takes his story of involvement with the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Masonic and Rosicrucian history, Cabalistic magick and much more to Albert Einstein and James Joyce for help... 

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