Terrorism prevention

USA Patriot and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005, Report of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives, H.R. 3199, 18 July 2005, US Government Printing Office, Washington, 2005. 

Chemical detectors. 2. Explosives—Detection. 3. Terrorism—Prevention. 

Bioterrorism—Prevention. 2. Chemical terrorism-Prevention. 3. Emergency management. 1. Kendall, Ronald J. 

When Norway was mentioned by Al-Qaeda as a terrorist target, the situation was also seen as an argument for the Defence in terrorism prevention The terrorism threat against Norway this week illustrates what tasks the Defence now faces. .. Norway is no longer an outpost when it comes to terrorism. Terrorism has no boarders. We can see that our security now is contingent upon situations far away, to what happens in the rest of the world. (Thorstein Skiaker, Lieutenant General and leader of National Joint Headquarters, in VG 24.05.2003)... 

Anti-terrorism preventative in nature, it entails using passive and defensive measures such as education, foreign liaison training, surveillance, and counter surveillance which is designed to deter terrorist activities... 

Counterterrorism security group An interagency body convened on a regular basis to develop terrorism prevention policy and to coordinate threat response and law enforcement investigations associated with terrorism. 

A conspiracy of twenty-four men was not impossible, of course. But men who fired no guns, who ordered no attack, couldn t be found guilty unless their power was not only indispensable to war, but vast enough to prevent a war before it started, or halt it after it started, or lessen its terrors. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Biological and Chemical Terrorism Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response. Recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 49 (RR-4) (2000) 1-14. 

In 2004 (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 53), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention determined that the risks of occupational exposure to biological terrorism agents outweighed the advantages of embalming fatalities and recommended that the body should be buried without embalming. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Medical Examiners, Coroners, and Biologic Terrorism A Guidebook for Surveillance and Case Management." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 53 (No. RR-8) (2004). 

The OPCW s expertise and knowledge of CWs including its developed system of assistance and protection under the CWC (Article X) as a reflection of international solidarity and co-operation are being put to use to prevent and respond to chemical terrorism and thus considerably diminish its potential consequences. It can be added that pursuant to the recent UN Security Council Resolution No 1540, all nations are obliged to take actions ensuring that non-State actors cannot develop, produce, use or trade CWs according to the terms of CWC. 

In June of 1995, The White House issued Presidential Decision Directive 39 (PDD-39), United States Policy of Counterterrorism. PDD-39 directed a number of measures to reduce the nation s vulnerability to terrorism, to deter and respond to terrorist acts, and to strengthen capabilities to prevent and manage the consequences of terrorist use of NBC weapons. The laws of the United States assign primary authority to the states to respond to the consequences of terrorism the federal government provides assistance as required. 

In addition to the organized and loose networks that generally fund their own activities, there are a number of states that sponsor terrorism. This is of particular concern with regards to weapons of mass destruction, because the numerous resources that can be brought to bear in state development of CBRN weapons can in turn be transferred to terrorists. Disincentives do exist to prevent this proliferation. As of October 2004, the United States lists six countries as state sponsors of terrorism Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, and Syria. Of these, five are pursuing WMD to one degree or another. Libya repudiated its WMD program as discussed below. 

Arrests, the loss of sanctuary and the freezing of assets have diminished some threats, but it has spawned others as terrorists adjust to being the focus of the global war on terrorism. What will be the balance Will loss of sanctuary and financial resources prevent terrorists from developing or acquiring CBRN that can be used to mass effect Or will the global war on terrorism embolden terrorists and states to share and use CBRN While terrorists continue to use traditional weapons in innovative ways, a primary concern is terrorist adoption of CBRN weapons in the future. The potential for this is explored next. 

The MIPT Terrorism Annual 2002, with contributions from D. Brannan, P. Chalk, K. Cragin, and S. Daly, National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, available at www.mipt.org. 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Industrial chemicals and terrorism Human health threat analysis, mitigation, and prevention, www.mipt.org/pdf/ industrialchemicalsandterrorism.pdf (accessed May 17, 2008). 

In regard to listed hazardous chemicals/materials only, to prevent accidental releases and acts of terrorism (homegrown or otherwise) with these chemicals/materials tenets of PSM/RMP and recommendations provided by the Department of Homeland Security, many such incidents have a chance of being avoided or properly mitigated upon their initiation or actual occurrence. The obvious question is Why and how ... 

Sauter, M. A., and J. J. Carafano. 2005. Homeland security A complete guide to understanding, preventing, and surviving terrorism. New York McGraw-Hill. 

HSPD - 2 Combating Terrorism through Immigration Policies. Provides for the creation of a task force that will work aggressively to prevent aliens who engage in or support terrorist activity from entering the United States and to detain, prosecute, or deport any such aliens who are within the United States. 

HSPD - 8 National Preparedness. Identifies steps for improved coordination in response to incidents. This directive describes the way federal departments and agencies will prepare for such a response, including prevention activities during the early stages of a terrorism incident. This directive is a companion to HSPD-5. 

As a result, the security paradigm has not necessarily changed, but instead has been adjusted—reasonable, necessary, and sensible accommodations have been and continue to be made. Because we cannot foresee all future intentional acts of terrorism, we must be prepared to shift from the proactive to reactive mode on short notice—in some cases, on very short notice. Accordingly, we must be prepared to respond to, react to, and mitigate what we can t prevent. 

Measures for prevention of ecological terrorism and elimination of its consequences... 

It is not the intent of this Guideline to deal in depth with facility security issues. However, effective fire prevention in a processing facility depends on people in addition to systems to detect developing fires and other incidents and to detect unauthorized intrusion into the facility. Intruder-caused vandalism, damage, spills, releases, or fires are not common, but are a credible threat. The potential fire prevention and protection requirements to manage the risk of security events from terrorism need to be considered in the overall fire protection system design. 

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