Terrorism state

Keywords terrorism al Qaeda chemical terrorism biological terrorism radiological terrorism nuclear terrorism state sponsored terrorism threat sensors. 

There continnes to be public concern about the possibility of their being used in future. When Saddam Hussein was in power in Iraq, there was evidence that a chemical weapon of this type was used against Kurdish villagers. Subsequently, it was widely believed that these were among the weapons of mass destruction held by Saddam Hnssein s regime weapons that failed to materialize after the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Since these events, there has been concern that weapons of this type may be in the possession of rogne states— or individual terror groups. 

Security Assistance. A Turkish-lead, U.S-supported program to provide security assistance to various Central Asian states, would certainly offer an alternative to the Russian option, or the politically unacceptable idea of direct U.S. engagement. Turkish experience in combating terrorism and insurgency, training and use of special forces in mountainous terrain and urban areas, and adept use of attack helicopters could in a relatively short time change the dynamics of actual and potential conflict in favor of the governments in countries such as Uzbekistan. 

Bombings have long been a central threat from terrorism, and several major bombing attacks have been carried out in the United States over the last decade. Two earlier reports from the National Research Council outlined a number of opportunities for technical contributions by chemical scientists.3 The recommen-... 

A country s antiterrorist protection system should also incorporate a general State Strategy against chemical traumatism and terrorism [11] ... 

A country s antiterrorist preparedness should include also a State strategy against chemical traumatism and terrorism. The elaboration of Organization of Health Disaster/Anti Terrorist Acts Management system is an important part of this preparedness. 

The OPCW s expertise and knowledge of CWs including its developed system of assistance and protection under the CWC (Article X) as a reflection of international solidarity and co-operation are being put to use to prevent and respond to chemical terrorism and thus considerably diminish its potential consequences. It can be added that pursuant to the recent UN Security Council Resolution No 1540, all nations are obliged to take actions ensuring that non-State actors cannot develop, produce, use or trade CWs according to the terms of CWC. 

In this connection, considerable interest is to be given to the acts of terrorism utilizing alternative methods of action, like those stated below ... 

A comprehensive approach to a states response to a chemical terrorism includes having a plan not only for the crisis and consequence management phases of the incident, but also for all elements required for complete resolution of the event. This may include the necessity to definitively establish whether chemical agents were used, to provide supporting evidence to confirm other analyses, or to provide the forensic proof required to support a criminal prosecution. The collection and analysis of biomedical samples - blood, urine or other tissue from affected humans or animals - is one of the means for providing such information. Although current capabilities such as urinary thiodyglycol excretion or plasma cholinesterase activity can be performed, there is scope for far more sensitive and specific assessments that overcome the limitations of these approaches. 

Right now, we have to deal with incubation time and wait for victims to develop symptoms. The incubation time for anthrax is one to six days. In this example, anthrax victims would have one to six days between exposure and the onset of symptoms. Anthrax is not transmissible from person to person. Compare this to the incubation time with that of the virus, smallpox, which is ten to seventeen days. Smallpox is highly transmissible from person to person. After exposure to smallpox, a person could travel by air around the world a number of times and contaminate many people before developing any symptoms. However, naturally occurring smallpox has been eradicated worldwide since 1977. Terrorism could rapidly change that eradication to an attack since samples of the smallpox virus have been stored in both the United States and Russia. 

In June of 1995, The White House issued Presidential Decision Directive 39 (PDD-39), United States Policy of Counterterrorism. PDD-39 directed a number of measures to reduce the nation s vulnerability to terrorism, to deter and respond to terrorist acts, and to strengthen capabilities to prevent and manage the consequences of terrorist use of NBC weapons. The laws of the United States assign primary authority to the states to respond to the consequences of terrorism the federal government provides assistance as required. 

Emergency Response to Terrorism Job Aid (for Fire/EMS/HazMat/Law Enforcement Personnel) A very well done, pocket-sized manual on plastic stock that actually tells first responders extensive basic information about what needs to be done at a terrorist incident. This handbook was designed, produced and distributed through a joint partnership of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the United States Fire Administration, and the... 

CDC has been preparing for some time for the remote possibility of an outbreak of smallpox as an act of terror. That process has intensified since September 11, 2001. Although we are planning for this possibility to protect public health, we have no indication that there is an imminent threat. As part of the ongoing effort to increase awareness, CDC has distributed a draft of a smallpox preparedness plan to reviewers for comment. It will then be reviewed by state health departments, which will participate in its implementation. However, if needed, it could be put in operation immediately. 

Emergency Response to Terrorism-Job Aid. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Assistance, and Federal Emergency Management Agency, United States Fire Administration - National Fire Academy, FEMA/USFA (May) 2000,... 

The response to chemical and biological warfare weapons, terrorism attacks, and even influenza mini-epidemics can require an immense number of federal/state/ county/city/private workers and medical personnel ranging from physicians to registered nurses to emergency medical technicians and paramedics. As an example, the writer has actually seen an incident where thirty-one agencies from all levels of... 

There is no single definition of terrorism, and even when one can agree upon a definition, there may be disagreements about the classification of a particular incident. This chapter is written from a U.S. perspective (as the author is from the United States) and the author refers the reader to the definition of terrorism as defined by statute of the United States Government (Title 22 Chapter 28 Section 2656 f(d)) ... 

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