Authority Local

The land under the facilities may also have to be reconditioned if pollutants have been allowed to escape during operation. The return of industrial sites to green field conditions has proved very expensive for many companies in the USA, and a number of law suits are currently outstanding, brought by local authorities and environmental groups. 

The system was installed and certified by TUV and the local authorities. Trials conducted on site after installation proved that the system allowed efficient inspection with scan speeds in excess of 100 mm/s, which is faster than initially required. Implementation of the system has resulted in savings enabling pay back of the full system in less than one year. 

Colorado has a monthly mean. The OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) for lead is 50 at an action level (local authorities must investigate) of... 

Reportable releases under CERCLA must be reported to the National Response Center, at (800) 424-8802. Reporting under EPCRA requires notifying the facihty s LEPC (or relevant local emergency response personnel if there is no LEPC) and the SERC of any state likely to be affected. If a faciUty is near the border of another state, that state may have to be notified as well. Notification is required to be immediate, which is usually defined as within 30 minutes of the release. State or local authorities may have additional or different reporting requirements. Eailure to report release in a timely manner can result in severe penalties from the regulatory authorities. 

The majority of refineries operated by petroleum companies in different parts of the world to make local products, such as gasoline and burner fuels, also produce jet fuels. Even a small refinery with simple equipment can make suitable jet fuel if it has access to the right cmde. However, the principal supply of both civil and military jet fuels is produced in large refineries. Many are located near major cities and airports and are frequentiy connected by pipeline directiy to the airport. Modem airports have extensive storage and handling faciUties operated by local authorities, petroleum companies or consortia, or the airlines themselves. 

The toller is generally responsible for emergency response at the site, as required by local authorities and applicable regulations. Some of these include ... 

The emergency plan should state the action to be taken, by whom, to inform the local authorities, and the client. In turn the plan should detail the response to overcome the problem quickly. 

Table 13.5 Minimum information to be supplied to local authority for an off-site emergency plan under the COMAH Regulations...

Details of any proposed release of prescribed substances and an assessment of the environmental consequences of emissions. (Eor local authorities air pollution controlled processes this applies only to atmospheric emissions.)... 

Part II of EPA 90 deals with waste disposal, handling and management. The provisions impose duties on the producers of waste to ensure the safe disposal. There are strong licensing powers for local authorities, with continuing responsibilities for licensees to monitor and maintain sites after closure. 

It is surprising that the vent was routed into an underground pumphouse. It seems that this was done because the local authority objected to any vents that might spoil the view. 

Bhopal showed the need for companies to collaborate with local authorities and emergency services in drawing up plans for handling emergencies. 

The surface water runoff from paved/hard standing areas also depends on rainfall intensity calculated from the geographical locations of the site and storm-return period. However, the return period for a site will be far higher than for a building in order to ensure prevention of persistent flooding of the site. In many instances the local authority may specify the storm-return period as the design criterion. 

Minimum capacity of 27001 to be provided. Subject to local authority approval, the effluent output from a septic tank may be connected to an adopted sewer subject to quality of output and size and location of drainage. 

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other federal, state and local authorities govern security of supply in relation to quantity for surface and groundwater by the granting of an abstraction license. The license limits the total daily quantity and the rate at which the waters may be abstracted, taking account of the natural resource and the needs of other abstractors. Metered water supply is subject to contract with the water companies, who may impose quantity and draw-off rate limitations. The limitations imposed by the license or contract may influence plant location. 

The authority granting permission to build will depend upon the type and size of building. Major projects, such as nuclear power stations or large industrial complexes, may involve a public enquiry and the need to produce a study into the environmental impact. Though a committee nominated by the local authority will consider the planning submission. 

It is essential to discuss the requirements for stmc-tural protection, compartmentalization, emergency lighting, detection, alarms, call points, suppression, means of escape and signage with the applicable local authority, fire brigade or insurance company personnel before finalizing designs. 

Reference should be made to Threshold Limit Values, Guidance Note EHl7/78, issued by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), or Industrial Ventilation (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists). In all cases, proposals should be reviewed by and submitted to the relevant local authority agencies. 

Prior to writing bids, the client should decide when he wishes the work to be carried out. Factors affecting his decision will be availability of funds either from loans or grants, or in the case of local authorities or central government departments, it may be that a capital or revenue allocation needs to be spent within a particular financial... 

Storage tanks should, wherever possible, be installed above ground. The site selected should not be in an unduly exposed position. Clearance must be allowed for the withdrawal from the tank of fittings such as immersion heaters and steam coils. Where tanks are installed inside buildings, they should generally be located within a tank chamber, although in some industrial installations such as steelworks and foundries, a tank chamber may not be necessary. The requirements of insurance companies and local authorities should be considered when designing these installations. 

Vehicle fleet owners often have their cars and/or vans converted to run on LPG and have an on-site bulk storage vessel installed complete with a dispensing pump. This is an attractive economic proposition for taxis, ambulances, local authority fleets, etc. Virtually any spark-ignition engine can be converted to run on LPG. It can therefore be considered for any engine-driven machinery. 

Shortly to be introduced is the need to obtain Hazardous Substances Consent under the Housing and Planning Act 1986 from the local authority for any site intended to hold 25 tons or more of LPG. This will be in addition to any requirement for planning consent and to the need to notify the HSE under the Notification of Installations Handling Hazardous Substances Regulations 1982. 

The publication provides for the use of local authorities, industry and others who may need to determine the height appropriate for certain new chimneys a relatively simple method of calculating the appropriate height desirable in normal circumstances. 

The installation of flueless appliances in excess of 44kW is not permitted by the Building Regulation (1985) and application should be made to the local authority for the necessary waiver where installations of this size are contemplated. 

Cycles of concentration Blowdown/purge rate Power cost analysis Drift loss requirement Local authority requirements Discharge qualities Stmctural specifications Pack specifications... 

Noise nuisance is controlled primarily by the Environmental Protection Act 1990. Section 79 of the Act places a duty on a local authority to inspect their area for nuisances. Section 80 places a duty on a local authority to serve a legal notice on persons responsible for a situation when a nuisance has occurred and is likely to recur, or where, in the opinion of the local authority, the nuisance is likely to occur. Section 82 enables an individual... 

A notice may be served where a nuisance has occurred or the local authority think a nuisance may occur. Noise nuisance is not defined as such, but includes vibration. The notice may not be specified and may merely require the abatement of the nuisance. A notice may, however, require the carrying out of works or specify permissible noise levels. The time period for compliance is not specified in the Act, but must be reasonable. 

That the notice is not justified by the terms of Section 80. The most common reason for this defense is that the nuisance had not already occurred, and that the local authority did not have reasonable grounds to believe that the nuisance was likely to occur. 

That the authorities have refused unreasonably to accept compliance with alternative requirements or that the requirements of the notice are otherwise unreasonable in character or extent, or are unnecessary. This defense is self-explanatory. The local authorities are only permitted to ask for works that will abate the noise nuisance. Other works (perhaps to comply with legislation) should not be specified in the notice. They may, however, be contained in a letter separate from the notice. An example of this would be where the fitting of acoustic enclosures to food-manufacturing machines breached food hygiene requirements. Readily cleanable enclosures may be a requirement of the Food Hygiene Regulations, but it should not be contained in a Section 58 Control of Pollution Act notice. 

It is stressed in this standard that it is not intended to be a criterion but most local authorities tend to use it as a guide. Other methods are available or may have value for individual circumstances. Particular problems occur when a noise is of a very tonal nature or contains discernible information (i.e. music or voice). It is quite possible for music to become a nuisance at no more than 3dB(A) above ambient background level. 

If there are tonal noise problems the local authority may use more complex measurements to specify the required reduction. Noise rating may be used or octave or one-third octave band levels specified. 

Local authorities are empowered by the Control of Pollution Act 1974 to designate areas as noise-abatement zones. Within these areas noise levels are measured and entered into a register. It is an offence to increase noise levels beyond register levels unless consent is obtained. If the local authorities are of the opinion that existing noise levels are too high, noise-reduction notices can be served. 

In the case of new premises the local authority will determine noise levels which it considers acceptable, and these will be entered into the noise level register. Appeals against notices or decisions can be made to the Secretary of State. 

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