Liquids, inflammable

The combustion of a chemical substance takes place in the gaseous phase except with metals and metalloids where combustion takes place in the solid phase. This impiies that a soiid or a liquid inflammable chemical has the ability to vapourise in order to buiid an inflammable vapour-air mixture. The two indicative parameters are the boiling point and, most important, the vapour pressure of the liquid. 

The term explosives and dangerous articles comprises not only explosives but also other dangerous articles such as, inflammable liquids, inflammable solids, oxidizing materials, corrosive liquids, compressed gases, and poisons. Gasoline and certain other petroleum products are classed as inflammable liquids. Explosives and dangerous articles are synonymous for motor carriers and vessels [129]. 

Pleural empyema. Accumulation of a liquid inflammation product made up of leukocytes (pus) in a cavity of the lungs. Pleurisy. Inflammation of the pleura, with exudation into its cavity and on its surface. Pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs with consolidation. 

Pus. A liquid inflammation product composed made up of cells (leukocytes) and a thin protein-rich fluid called liquor puris. PVC. Pulmonary venous congestion premature ventricular contraction. 

Distilled mustard Liquid Inflammation of the nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, and lungs... 

L An important practical application of bulk foaming systems is in firefighting, especially those involving liquid inflammables such as gasoline... 

The inflammable bodies of the mineral kingdom were traditionally classified into sulfur, liquid inflammable materials like petroleum, and tenacious or solid ones like mineral rosins resina terrae), mineral pitch, coal, and so on. Bergman s classifica-... 

Aerosol sprays consist of a material dissolved or suspended in a liquid which when pressure is released volatilizes to produce a fine spray. The spray carries the active material. Used in hair lacquers, paints, etc. the propellant should be inert and non-inflammable. Chlorofluorocarbons have been used extensively but are now being replaced. 

Dimeihylamine, C2H7N, (CH3)2NH. Colourless, inflammable liquid with an ammoniacal odour, mp -96" C, b.p. 7°C. Occurs naturally in herring brine. Prepared in the laboratory by treating nitrosodimetbyl-aniline with a hot solution of sodium hydroxide. Dimethylamine is largely used in the manufacture of other chemicals. These include the solvents dimethylacetamide and dimethyl-formamide, the rocket propellant unsym-metrical dimethylhydrazine, surface-active agents, herbicides, fungicides and rubber accelerators. 

CH2 CH-0-CH CH2 Colourless inflammable liquid, with a characteristic ethereal odour, b.p. 28-31°C. Prepared by the action of KOH on 2,2 -dichiorodiethyl ether. It is unstable, breaking down to methanal and methanoic acid. 

Carbon disulphide is a volatile, evil-smelling liquid, although if carefully purified, the unpleasant smell is removed, as it is due to impurity. The vapour is inflammable and can form explosive mixtures in air ... 

The zinc alkyls, of which this is an example, are vile-smelling inflammable liquids. They were the first organo-metallic compounds prepared by Frankland in 1849. With water, they decompose giving an alkane ... 

Low-boiling, inflammable liquids are usually distilled from... 

Safety goggles should always be worn over the eyes when carrying out potentially dangerous operations, e,g. vacuum distillations, distillation of large volumes of inflammable liquids and experiments employing large quantities of metallic sodium. 

For temperatures up to 100°, a water bath or steam bath is generally employed. The simplest form is a beaker or an enamelled iron vessel mounted on a suitable stand water is placed in the vessel, which is heated by means of a flame. This arrangement may be used for non-inflammable liquids or for refluxing liquids of low boiling point. Since numerous liquids of low boiling point are highly inflammable, the presence of a naked flame will introduce considerable risk of fire. For such liquids a steam bath or an electrically-heated water bath, provided with a constant-level device, must be used. If the laboratory is equipped with a... 

A powerful stirrer, driven by a flexible driving shaft between the motor (I h.p.) and the stirrer, is depicted in Fig. II, 7, 3. The motor may be placed at a distance from the stirrer head and reaction vessel, thus enabling the assembly to be used for inflammable, corrosive or fuming liquids without damage to the motor. Furthermore, any laboratory retort stand and clamp may be used since the stirrer head weighs only about 250 grams. A variable speed control (500-2000 r.p.m.) is provided. 

Another convenient heating liquid is medicinal paraffin it has a low speciSc heat, is non-inflammable and is non-corrosive, but it can only be safely heated to about 220° above this temperature it begins to decompose slightly. 

When the boiling point of the liquid is above 140-150°, an air condenser (Fig. II, I, 1, c) may replace the water condenser. If the liquid is inflammable, the conical flask may be replaced by a Alter or suction flask (see Fig. II, 1, 7, c), and a length of rubber tubing leading to the sink is attached to the side tubulure. 

Attention is directed to the fact that ether is highly inflammable and also extremely volatile (b.p. 35°), and great care should be taken that there is no naked flame in the vicinity of the liquid (see Section 11,14). Under no circumstances should ether be distilled over a bare flame, but always from a steam bath or an electrically-heated water bath (Fig.//, 5,1), and with a highly efficient double surface condenser. In the author s laboratory a special lead-covered bench is set aside for distillations with ether and other inflammable solvents. The author s ether still consists of an electrically-heated water bath (Fig. 11, 5, 1), fitted with the usual concentric copper rings two 10-inch double surface condensers (Davies type) are suitably supported on stands with heavy iron bases, and a bent adaptor is fitted to the second condenser furthermost from the water bath. The flask containing the ethereal solution is supported on the water bath, a short fractionating column or a simple bent still head is fitted into the neck of the flask, and the stUl head is connected to the condensers by a cork the recovered ether is collected in a vessel of appropriate size. 

Methylarsine, trifluoromethylarsine, and bis(trifluoromethyl)arsine [371-74-4] C2HAsF, are gases at room temperature all other primary and secondary arsines are liquids or solids. These compounds are extremely sensitive to oxygen, and ia some cases are spontaneously inflammable ia air (45). They readily undergo addition reactions with alkenes (51), alkynes (52), aldehydes (qv) (53), ketones (qv) (54), isocyanates (55), and a2o compounds (56). They also react with diborane (43) and a variety of other Lewis acids. Alkyl haUdes react with primary and secondary arsiaes to yield quaternary arsenic compounds (57). 

Dental riases, as discussed here, do not iaclude gargles and other liquids that are iadicated for inflammation and diseases of the throat and are unrelated to dental plaque. 

Note Some applications creating hazardous condilions are petrochemical or fertilizer plants, refineries, coal mines etc., where inflammable gases and volatile liquids are handled, processed and stored. 

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