Acts of International Terrorism

With the exception of the first category of invasion, the others are prima facie acts of intematiruial terrorism which are essentially extensiruis of national terrorism. That is to say that most acts of international terrorism are a species of the genus national terrorism. 

Both the international community and the governments cOTicemed should be mindful that acts of defence can be treated as such only in instances where people 

A random act of violence is normally a corollary to a threat though not necessarily so. Often as it happens, the international community is shocked by a despicable act of mass murder and destruction of property which takes the world completely by surprise. Responsibility for the act is acknowledged later though in many instances no responsibility is claimed. In the latter instance when no responsibility is claimed, the offended nation and the world at large are rendered destitute of an immediate remedy against the offense. Even if motive is imputed to a particular terrorist group, the exercise of sanction becomes difficult as the international community would not condone sanction in the absence of concrete and cogent evidence. 

Indirect acts of international terrorism such as those which aid and abet national terrorism indicate clearly that although there is no identifiable definition of the word terrorism , the word itself can no Imiger be associated only with violent acts of aggression. In fact, recent studies reflect that any organized campaign of intema-ti(Hial terrorism involves both direct and indirect acts in equal proportion. 

Acts of intemati(Hial terrorism, whether in the form of violent or non violent acts have clear and immediate international consequences. They are numerous in nature and warrant a separate study. However, in effect they obtain for the miscreant the same result of creating disharmony and disruption in society. The concept has grown in recent times to portend more serious problems to the international conununity. Those problems are worthy of comment. 

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Acts of international terrorism that have been committed over the past two decades are too numerous to mention. Suffice it to say, that the most deleterious effect of the offense is that it exacerbates international relations and endangers... 

However, the text of the convention that was finally adopted, the 2005 International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nnclear Terrorism (ICSANT), while maintaining the reference to aU radioactive material, contains language requiring States Parties to make every effort to adopt appropriate measures with respect to physical protection, leaving snbstantial State disaetion when... 

The LRN and its partners will maintain an integrated national and international network of laboratories that are fully equipped to respond quickly to acts of chemical or biological terrorism, emerging infectious diseases, and other public health threats and emergencies. 

The use of viral and microbial pathogens as weapons is prohibited by international treaties. However its feasibility cannot be ignored after the acts of terrorism on and after 9/11, as well as the anthrax attack through the mail system in the aftermath of 9/11, which led to the death of five persons in the United States. To protect against acts by terrorists, a proteomic approach has been initiated to understand the proteomics of such pathogens as well... 

Terrorism is often categorized as "domestic" or "international. This distinction refers not to where the terrorist act takes place but rather to the origin of the individuals or groups responsible for it. For example, the 1995 bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City was an act of domestic ten orism, but the attacks of September 2001 were international in nature. 

There is growing concern about the possible use of toxic industrial chemicals or other hazardous chemicals by those seeking to perpetrate acts of terrorism. The U.S. Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP), funded by the U.S. Department of State and run by Sandia National Laboratories, seeks to develop and facilitate cooperative international activities that promote best practices in chemical security and safe management of toxic chemicals, including... 

Escalation. One of the simplest of the systems archetypes, and one that we have all probably observed and identified, is the escalation scenario. A prominent example can be found in international terrorism. The obvious solution to terrorism is to punish it. Each terrorist act is met with stem punishment or reprisal. Each punishment is seen as unjust by the terrorists and is therefore met by increased terrorist activity. The terrorists believe they are right and that they must retaliate. The targets of terrorism also believe they are right and that they, too, must retaliate. Who is actually right does not have an impact on the outcome. The pattern continues. 

Fissile materials within civilian nuclear power programs are well-safeguarded by an effective international system. Current-generation plants have robust designs and added precautions against acts of terrorism. Nevertheless, it is desirable for future nuclear fuel cycles and nuclear materials safeguards to design from the start an even... 

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