Electrons Auger spectroscopy

C. L. Wilson, Comprehensive Analytical Chemisty Ultraviolet Photoelectron and Photoion Spectroscopy Auger Electron Spectroscopy Plasma Excitation in SpectrochemicalAnalysis, Vol. 9, Elsevier Science, Inc., New York, 1979. 

Recent developments in the mechanisms of corrosion inhibition have been discussed in reviews dealing with acid solutions " and neutral solu-tions - . Novel and improved experimental techniques, e.g. surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy , infrared spectroscopy. Auger electron spectroscopyX-ray photoelectron spectroscopyand a.c. impedance analysis have been used to study the adsorption, interaction and reaction of inhibitors at metal surfaces. 

All analytical methods that use some part of the electromagnetic spectrum have evolved into many highly specialized ways of extracting information. The interaction of X-rays with matter represents an excellent example of this diversity. In addition to straightforward X-ray absorption, diffraction, and fluorescence, there is a whole host of other techniques that are either directly X-ray-related or come about as a secondary result of X-ray interaction with matter, such as X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), surface-extended X-ray absorption fine structure (SEXAFS) spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and time-resolved X-ray diffraction techniques, to name only a few [1,2]. 

Surface wave spectroscopy is still in its infancy, and most of the examples we have mentioned have been demonstrations of what can be done. It has clearly been demonstrated that vibrational and electronic spectroscopy can be done on molecules sorbed on metal substrates at less than monolayer coverages. In contrast to many techniques for surface spectroscopy (e.g. ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy), SEW spectroscopy does not require ultrahigh vacuum and can be done in the presence of reactant gases. This should make it a valuable tool for the study of catalytic reactions. Certainly... 

The analysis of corrosion scale or product may be done by wet chemical methods such as spectrophotometry or atomic absorption spectrophotometry in cases where the removal of corrosion scale is permitted, or by surface analytical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, electron microprobe analysis, by energy dispersive X-ray analysis in the case of samples which need to be preserved. 

X-ray diffraction analysis Scanning electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Auger electron spectroscopy... 

AES atomic emission spectroscopy Auger electron spectroscopy-... 

Auger spectroscopy Auger electron spectroscopy is a powerful surface analysis technique, as the analytical signals come from the top few monolayer of the specimen. In this technique, a primary beam of electrons is used to produce inner shell vacancies in atoms of the specimen. This method has been used for the determination of sulfur, e.g., on GaAs surfaces and to study sulfur surface segregation in Ni-Al solid solutions and the adsorption on a GaAs (001) surface by hydrogen sulfide exposure and heat treatment. 

See also Surface Analysis Overview X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Auger Electron Spectroscopy Desorption Techniques Ion Scattering Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry of Polymers Laser Ionization. 

ABSTRACT. The paper details the use of scanning electron microscopy, surface reflectance infrared spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, ion scattering spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the analysis of polymeric adhesives and composites. A brief review of the principle of each surface analytical technique will be followed by application of the technique to interfacial adhesion with an emphasis on polymer/metal, fiber/matrix, and composite/composite adhesion. 

Auger electron appearance potential spectroscopy Auger electron spectroscopy Atomic force microscopy Azimuthal photoelectron diffraction Appearance potential spectroscopy Angle-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy Angle-resolved photoemission extended fine structure... 

Electrode kinetics, electrode and catalysts surface area -Microstructure Spectroscopy-Auger Electron (AES), x-ray photoelectron (XPS), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) -Chemical identification ... 

Spectroscopic Techniques X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Auger Electron Spectroscopy, and Ion Scattering Spectroscopy... 

Essentially all metals and alloys which form metallic hydrides require an activation process before the metal wiU readily cycle between the hydride and metal phase. All the ABs and AB2 alloys are quite brittle and during the activation procedure are pulverized to fine particles. This greatly enhances subsequent reaction rates. The activation process is considered to take place in two stages the formation of a reactive surface and pulverization of the bulk solid to form fine particles. The surface composition of LaNis after activation has been defined by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Auger electron spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility studies [19]. There is a surface enrichment of La to give a ratio of La/Ni 1 the La is associated... 

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