Auger electron spectroscopy powder surfaces

The distinctive features of micro-structure of grains and grain boundaries were established by SEM, EDXA, XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy. The surface of freshly obtained splits of the ferrite was analyzed. SEM and EDX analyses were conducted on LEO 1420 microscope. XPS investigation was carried out on a ES-2410 spectrometer line C Is with Eb = 284.6 eV was used for calibration. Auger electron spectra were recorded on a Perkin Elmer PH-660 spectrometer. Phase composition of the samples was established by XRD analysis of thoroughly grinded powder by a DRON-2.0 diffractometer with Ni-fdtered Co Ka-radiation (X = 0.178896 nm). 

We have undertaken a series of experiments Involving thin film models of such powdered transition metal catalysts (13,14). In this paper we present a brief review of the results we have obtained to date Involving platinum and rhodium deposited on thin films of tltanla, the latter prepared by oxidation of a tltanliua single crystal. These systems are prepared and characterized under well-controlled conditions. We have used thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and static secondary Ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS). Our results Illustrate the power of SSIMS In understanding the processes that take place during thermal treatment of these thin films. Thermal desorption spectroscopy Is used to characterize the adsorption and desorption of small molecules, In particular, carbon monoxide. AES confirms the SSIMS results and was used to verify the surface cleanliness of the films as they were prepared. 

The definition of the powder surfaces tends to be in terms of the process for making it (23). This limits interpretation of their properties and also limits generalization of properties to surfaces which have been generated by atmospheric corrosion. Conversely, the LEED, Auger electron spectroscopy, photo emission properties, etc, are measured on fresh surfaces in UHV, because interpretation is difficult for more complex configurations and because experience has shown that these properties are profoundly modified and confused by exposure to real atmospheres. 

Electron, ion, and photon emissions from the outermost layers of the particle surface can be used to reveal the qualitative or quantitative information on chemical composition of the surface of ceramic powders. The most widely used techniques include (i) Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), (ii) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which is also known as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and (iii) Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). 

Inductively Coupled Plasma. Mass Spectrometry Archaeological Applications. Microscopy Techniques Scanning Electron Microscopy. Surface Analysis X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Auger Electron Spectroscopy. X-Ray Absorption and Diffraction X-Ray Diffraction - Powder. X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission X-Ray Fluorescence Theory. 

Ca has been shown by Auger electron spectroscopy [162] and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [52] to remain in the oxidized state. Chemisorption measurements [163] and X-ray powder diffraction studies [164] show that CaO is segregated to the space between the Fe crystallites during the reduction. The segregation of Ca to the surface has been demonstrated by scanning Auger electron spectroscopy[52, 209-211]. 

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