Rust

See also rusting, cathodic protection, cortisol See hydrocortisone, cortisone, CjjHjaOs. M.p. 215 C. A steroid. 

A common domestic use is the removal of rust or blood stains from white materials, e.g. cotton. 

Performance can be illustrated for example by the time necessary for deaeration or de-emulsification of oils, anti-rust properties, copper strip corrosion test, the flash point in closed or open cup, the cloud and pour points, the foaming characteristics, etc. 

Antirust properties (greases) NFT 60-135 Rust spots on bearing after test... 

Pipelines are cleaned and inspected using pigs . Pigs usually have a steel body fitted with rubber cups and brushes or scrapers to remove wax and rust deposits on the pipe wall, as the pig is pumped along the pipe. Sometimes spherical pigs are used for product separation or controlling liquid hold up. In field lines handling untreated crude may have to be insulated to prevent wax formation. 

High selective performance of the sensor also enable to detect surface cracks in ferromagnetic and non-magnetic welded connections under rust or dirt layer without prior cleaning. 

The inspection possibility of welds and rough surfaces also under the coating of various foulings, oils, scale, rust etc. without the preliminary preparation. 

Detection of corrosion and defects under a layer of protective coatings, rust and foulings to 8-10 mm in thickness. 

Red lead is a useful ingredient of anti-rusting paints, in which it is mixed with linseed oil. If glycerol is added to this mixture, a cement suitable for luting (i.e. making airtight or watertight) joints in iron pipes or vessels is obtained. 

This is the most important reaction of iron from an economic point of view essentially, rusting is the formation of hydrated iron(III) oxide in the presence of oxygen and water. The process is essentialh... 

Rusting can be prevented by painting or coating with a continuous layer of another metal which does not itself corrode rapidly, for example zinc or tin. More recently, steel has been coated with plastics by electrophonetic decomposition from an emulsion of the plastic. 

Despite its electrode potential (p. 98), very pure zinc has little or no reaction with dilute acids. If impurities are present, local electrochemical cells are set up (cf the rusting of iron. p. 398) and the zinc reacts readily evolving hydrogen. Amalgamation of zinc with mercury reduces the reactivity by giving uniformity to the surface. Very pure zinc reacts readily with dilute acids if previously coated with copper by adding copper(II) sulphate ... 

A SMILES code [22], MDL Molfile [50], or JME s own compact format (one-line representation of a molecule or reaction including the 2D coordinates) of created molecules may be generated. The created SMILES is independent of the way the molecule was drawn (unique SMILES see Section 2.3.3). Extensions to JME developed in cooperation with H. Rzepa and P. Murray-Rust also allow output of molecules in the CML format [60]. 

Murray-Rust P and H Rzepa 1999. Chemical Markup, XML, and the Worldwide Web. 1. Basic Principles. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Science 39 923-942. 

Vanadium is used in producing rust resistant and high speed tools steels. It is an important carbide stabilizer in making steels. 

The hammer and the surface on which the lithium is flattened should be free from rust traces of iron salts may cause rapid decomposition of the alkyllithium. 

Atoms of mercury cling together to form the familiar liquid, atoms of iron hold together to form the solid metal, and atoms of hydrogen and oxygen combine to form molecules that hold together as water. All matter is composed of atoms, sometimes aU of one sort (as with iron), and sometimes a combination of atoms (as with rust, which is a combination of atoms of the element iron and atoms of the element oxygen). 

Wheat leaf Wheat protein Wheat stem rust Wheatstone bridgf Wheel-balancing weight ... 

White pine White rust White s agar White Shoulders White smoke Whitewares Whitewash White water Whitfield s Ointment... 

Rust inhibitors usually are corrosion inhibitors that have a high polar attraction toward metal surfaces and that form a tenacious, continuous film which prevents water from reaching the metal surface. Typical mst inhibitors are amine succinates and alkaline-earth sulfonates. Rust inhibitors can be used in most types of lubricating oils, but factors of selection include possible corrosion of nonferrous metals or formation of emulsions with water. Because mst inhibitors are adsorbed on metal surfaces, an oil can be depleted of its mst inhibitor. In certain cases, it is possible to correct the depletion by adding more inhibitor. 

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