Rust-preventing characteristics

Rust-preventing characteristics of steam-turbine oil in the presence of water Environmental testing Tests... 

Petroleum products and lubricants-petro-leum oils and other fluids-determination of rust preventing characteristics in the presence of water... 

Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water... 

Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water Chrysler Bench Oxidation Test (CBOT) Mercomatic Oxidation Test Ford Thermal Stability Test Turbo Hydra-Matic Oxidation Test (THOT)... 

Transport of gasoline and other refined products in steel pipelines may result in corrosion products that can create a product contamination problem. Internal corrosion of the pipeline can also have an adverse effect on pipeline capacity. Corrosion results from condensation of a water film on the pipe wall plus dissolved air or SRB in the product. Corrosion control is commonly achieved by adding a corrosion inhibitor. Evaluation of inhibitor performance can be done using NACE Test Method for Antirust Properties of Cargoes in Petroleum Product Pipeline (TM0172). This test method is a modification of ASTM D 665, Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water. 

Rust problems during usage of certain refined products, such as steam turbine oils, are controlled by addition of corrosion inhibitors. Evaluation of the performance of these inhibitors is done using ASTM D 665 or ASTM D 3603, Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Steam Turbine Oil in the Presence of Water (Horizontal Disk Method). 

In the USA, there is the ASTM standards and the well-known General Electric requirements. The total useful life of turbine oil is its most important characteristic. ASTM method D943 (IP 157) measures the life indirectly by assessing the useful life of the oxidation inhibitor contained in the formulation and are often referred to as the TOST life of the oil. Rust prevention is generally assessed by the ASTM D665 (IP 135) method. 

The cyclodextrins (cycloamyloses) are torus-shaped molecules that can form crystalline inclusion compounds, recently attracting much attention as enzyme-site models. Their history has been seen in three phases. From 1891 to 1935 they were known as natural products, but with no recognition of their exact chemical structure. This recognition emerged in the second period, to about 1970, when most of their characteristics were also elucidated. The period from 1970 to the present has seen considerable research into their industrial use and production.239 Their inclusion compounds or complexes have found employment in such diverse fields as explosives, insecticides, pharmaceutical products, rust-prevention agents, and even baking powder. 

An emulsion is an intimate mixture of oil and water, generally of a milky or cloudy appearance. Emulsions may be of two types oil-in-water (where water is the continuous phase) and water-in-oil (where water is the discontinuous phase). Oil-in-water emulsions are used as cutting fluids because of the need for the cooling effect of the water. Water-in-oil emulsions are used where the oil, not the water, must contact a surface-as in rust preventives, non-flammable hydraulic fluids, and compounded steam cylinder oils such emulsions are sometimes referred to as inverse emulsions. Emulsions are produced by adding an emulsifier. Emulsibility is not a desirable characteristic in certain lubricating oils, such as crankcase or turbine oils, that must separate from water readily. Unwanted emulsification can occur as a result of oxidation products--which are usually polar compounds—or other contaminants in the oil. 

Stainless steels are iron-based alloys that contain a minimum of approximately 11 % Cr, the amount needed to prevent rusting. Few stainless steels contain more than 30% Cr or less than 50% Fe. They achieve their stainless characteristics through the formation of an invisible and adherent chromium-rich oxide surface him. This oxide forms and heals itself in the presence of oxygen. (Krysiak)14... 

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