White pine blister rust

In areas where pine trees are raised commercially, there may be restrictions on buying and planting black currants due to the potential for spreading white pine blister rust, a fungal disease that is passed back and forth between pine trees and some species of currants and gooseberries. Check with your university extension service before buying plants. 

Prepare the soil, buy, and plant following the advice given for red currants (see p.316), including checking for local planting restrictions due to the threat of white pine blister rust. Choose cultivars that are resistant to American gooseberry mildew. 

White pine blister rust fCronartium ribicolal... 

Leaves with rust-colored pustules on undersides. Cause White pine blister rust. This fungal disease is passed back and forth between white pines (or other 5-needled pines) and various species of Ribes. The disease is much more devastating to pines than to Ribes, so Ribes plantings are sometimes banned where pines are economically important. European black currants are most susceptible. Red and white currants generally are not mugh affected. Avoid planting susceptible currants near white pines. 

Rusts Rusts are a specific type of fungal disease. Many of them require two different plant species as hosts to complete their life cycles. Typical rust symptoms include a powdery tan to rust-colored coating or soft tentacles. Cedar-apple rust and white pine blister rust are two common rust problems that can appear in home landscapes. 

White mold, bean and, 35,37 White pine blister rust currant and, 86 Pinus and, 183,184 White pine weevils Picea and, 182 Pinus and, 183-84 White rot... 

The most serious of the diseases infecting western white pine is white pine blister rust, caused by the pathogen Cronartium ribicola (Hepting, 1971). In northern Idaho and adjacent regions, a favourable climate and abundant Ribes alternate hosts contribute to heavy losses. However, selection and breeding of naturally rust-resistant parent trees for the planting of rust-resistant nursery stock has been successful. Other stem diseases are of little consequence. 

Ekramoddoullah, A.K.M., J.J. Davidson and D.W. Taylor. 1998. A protein associated with frost hardiness of western white pine is up-regulated by infection in the white pine blister rust pathosystem. Can. J. For. Res. 28 412 17. 

Hunt, R.S. 1997. Relative value of slow-canker growth and bark reactions as resistance responses to white pine blister rust. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 19 352-357. 

Hunt, R.S., E. von Rudloff, M.S. Lapp and J.F. Manville. 1985. White pine blister rust in British Columbia. 3. Effects on the gene pool of western white pine. For. Chron. 61 484-488. 

Kinloch, B.B., R.A. Sniezko, G.D. Barnes and T.E. Greathouse. 1999. A major gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in western white pine from the Western Cascade Range. Phytopathology 89 861-867. 

Sniezko, R.A. 1996. Developing resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine in Oregon. Pp. 171-178 in B.B. Kinloch, M. Marosy and M.E. Huddleston, eds.. Sugar pine Status, values and roles in ecosystems. Proceedings of a symposium. University of California, Division of Agric. and Nat. Res., Davis, CA. Pub. 3362. 

Biochemical and morphological differences between white pine blister rast resistant and susceptible phenotypes have been investigated. Bark protein differences have been documented between slow canker growth resistant and susceptible phenotypes (Davidson and EkramoddouUah, 1997). A protein associated with cold hardiness in western white pine (Pin mill) has been found to be up-regulated by blister rust infection, possibly reflecting a stress response (Davidson and EkramoddouUah, 1997 Yu et al., 1997 EkramoddouUah et al., 1998). Genotypes with the reduced needle lesion frequency form of resistance appear to have smaller, less round stomata than susceptible genotypes (Woo et al., 2001). 

Branches dead bark with yellow-orange bliAers. > /fi Cause White pine bli.ster rust. Blisters seep resin i ... 

Davidson, J., and A.K.M. Ekramoddoullah. 1997. Analysis of bark proteins in blister rust-resistant and susceptible western white pine Pinus monticola). Tree Physiol. 17 663-669. 

Goddard, R.E., G.I. McDonald and R.J. Steinhoff. 1985. Measurement of field resistance, rust hazard, and deployment of blister rust-resistant western white pine. USDA Forest Service Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Paper INT-358. Ogden, UT. 8 pp. 

Mahalovich, M.F., and A. Eramian. 1995. Breeding and seed orchard plans for the development of blister rust resistant white pine for the Northern Rockies. USDA Forest Service Northern Region and Inland Empire Tree Improvement Cooperative. 60 pp. 

Meagher, M.D., and R.S. Hunt. 1996. Heritability and gain of reduced spotting vs. blister rust on western white pine in British Columbia, Canada. Silvae Genet. 45 75-81. 

Woo, K.S., L. Fins and G.I. McDonald. 2001. Differences in needle morphology between blister rust resistant and susceptible western white pine stocks. Can. J. For. Res. 31 1880-1886. 

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