Rust diseases

Heavy weed growth around conifers increases humidity and impedes air movement, which encourages needlecast and rust diseases that attack the trees, especially in wet seasons. Furthermore, rust diseases in conifers are worsened when uncontrolled weeds, such as ferns and fireweed in the plantation, serve as alternate hosts for fungal pathogens (Allen etal, 1995). 

Uses as fungicide for control of rust diseases on ornamentals, cereals, and nursery trees, etc. 

Wheat is a curious case. Resistance to the rust disease periodically breaks down in wheat. As soon as the search discovers a new gene for resistance in wheat, a new race of the rust fungus appears. This is the classic case of the gene-for-... 

Set out balled-and-burlapped plants in full sun in early spring. Hawthorns are undemanding as to soil, but avoid poorly drained areas. Choose planting sites with good air circulation to minimize disease problems. To avoid rust diseases, don t plant hawthorns where Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) is common. 

Most fungi produce two or three different types of spores during their life cycles fungi that cause rust diseases may produce five different types. Spores may be produced on fruiting bodies that range in size from microscopic to the size of a basketball. Mushrooms and truffles are also fruiting bodies. 

Plants Affected Apples and crab apples. Similar rust diseases affect hawthorns (cedar-hawthorn rust) and quinces (cedar-quince rust). 

Prevention is the best control. Rust diseases thrive in moist conditions, so anything you can do to promote leaf drying will limit disease problems. Plant apple trees only if cedars are at least 4 miles away this will reduce the chances of the disease spreading. If you want to grow both cedars and apple trees, plant rust-resistant species or cultivars of both plants. Prune off and destroy galls before late winter. 

N-Chloro-and N,N-dichlorosulfonamides are widely employed as antiseptics (see Chapter 7, p. 110). Sulfonamides like sulfanilamide (15) also exhibit systemic antifungal properties against rust diseases on cereals, but have not been commercially exploited owing to poor mobility within the plant and the danger of phytotoxicity to the crop.5... 

Volatile compounds have been reported to stimulate germination, in vitro and in vivo, of spores of the fungal pathogens which cause wheat rust diseases. 

Rokitansky disease Rust disease St. Giles disease St. Vitus dance St. Zachary disease Sanders disease/ syndrome Saunders disease... 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) Apache BAS-3170 BAS 3170F Benefit Benodanil Benzamide, 2-iodo-N-phenyl- Benzanilide, 2-iodo- BRN 2725018 Calirus 2-lodo-N-phenylbenzamide 2-lodobenzanilide 2-lodobenzoic add anilide NSC 100499. Systemic and contxt fungicide with protective and curative xtion. Used for control of rust disease in various crops. Colorless crystals mp = 137" soluble in H2O (0.002 g/100 ml), MezCO (40 g/100 ml), EtOAc (12 g/100 ml), EtOH (9.3 g/100 ml), CHCI3 (7.7 g/100 ml) LD50 (rat, gpg orl) > 6400 mg/kg, (rat der) > 2000 mg/kg LCsO (trout 96 hr.) = 6.4 mg/l non-toxic to bees. BASF... 

An epimeric mixture of sclareol (29) and n-epi-sclareol (33) has been shown to inhibit germination of spores of several rust diseases on tobacco, broad bean, dwarf bean, and wheat plants at 100 ppm (Wain, 1977). 

Cyclic peptide antibiotic. Isol. from culture fluids of Didymocladium ternatum. Agent for control of rust diseases in grain stocks. Cryst. (dioxan or 95% EtOH) (dimorph.). 

Sulfonamides also display antifungal action against rust diseases on cereals, but the action is rather limited. A -Acetylsulfanilyl hydrazide and derivatives had systemic antifungal action against wheat rust and were prepared by condensation of A -acetylsulfanilyl chloride with hydrazide hydrate. ... 

Zhang, J. et al. (2012) Using in-situ hyperspectral data for detecting and discriminating yellow rust disease from nutrient stresses. Field Crop Res, 134, 165-174. 

P. methods may also create new variation of characteristics, either by crossing individuals from far distant gene pools or by inducing mutants with nuclear irradiation or with chemomutagens, such as ethylmethanesulfonate or sodium azide. Such methods need to select for comparatively rare appearing positive mutants, e.g., hairless plants, new resistance against mildew or rust - diseases in - barley and wheat, and to find ways of detect-... 

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