Rusting investigation

Benign, F., Rust, F[. Jr., and Moffitt, T.P., Cold-Air Investigation of a Turbine with Transpiration-Cooled Stator Blades, III—Performance of Stator with Wire-Mesh Shell Blading, NASA, TM X-2166, 1971. 

Stanners have designed a test rig (Fig. 19.12) which provides results that can be correlated with actual atmospheric exposure data. The rig has been designed to investigate a wide range of alloying elements in a development programme on slow-weathering steels for which it was essential to have a rapid, reliable and reproducible test that incorporated the specific atmospheric factors responsible for rust formation. 

Students go on to investigate rates of corrodibility and the reactivity series is introduced. Methods to prevent rusting are considered in a homework exercise and further opportunities to study the methods of rust prevention are provided in two optional lessons. 

In additional tests, the suppressor activities of pectins in the intact host/pathogen-interaction were investigated by injecting genetically resistant plants with pectic substances prior to inoculation with the rust fungus. Infected leaves were harvested, cleared, and stained with Calcofluor one week after inoculation, and fungal growth was assessed under the UV-epifluorescence microscope. 

Rail tanks of 86% aqueous solutions or slurries of the salt exploded, apparently dining pump-transfer operations [1]. The course and mechanism or thermal decomposition has been investigated. Traces of rust or copper powder catalyse and accelerate the decomposition, so corrosion prevention is an important aspect of safety measures [2], It is of higher thermal stability than the chlorate salt, or the nitrite, which decomposes at ambient temperature [3],... 

Not all hot packs use dissolution processes. For example, one kind of hot pack exploits the crystallization of sodium thiosulfate or sodium acetate. Another kind uses the oxidation of iron (rusting). On the Internet, investigate different kinds of hot packs. Are they all used for the same purpose What are the pros and cons of their designs To start your search, go to the web site above and click on Web Links. 

In the first set of experiments, the water vessels had rusted bottoms. Of the 21 tests, 14 produced explosions, but no correlation of explosion probability could be deduced. It was reported that, in all tests, molten aluminum reached the bottom of the vessel. High-speed movies showed that the entire explosion sequence between the first visible disturbance in the system to a full-scale chemical reaction was very rapid (on the order of 600 /Ltsec). Note that the word chemical was used in the quote. Lemmon suggests that chemical reactions play a key role in the explosion phenomenon, particularly for violent incidents. The proof that chemical reactions are important stems from the finding that strong explosions produced light and, also, limited spectrographic data indicated local temperatures in excess of 3000 K. The emphasis on chemical reactions was not stressed in the work of other investigators. 

An important factor in the response of vegetation to oxidants (primarily ozone) is the presence of biotic pathogens. Such responses have been studied from several perspectives since Yarwood and Middleton accidentally found that rust-infected bean leaves were less sensitive to photochemical oxidants (probably PAN). Several investigators have looked at the protection from ozone injury afforded to plants with active infections others have noted that ozone injury increases the sensitivity of plants to... 

The chemistry of the iron core is most interesting, in the light of the experiments mentioned above with respect to the hydrolytic polymers of Fe (III). The molecular structure of the iron core obtained from crystalline ferritin by treatment with concentrated sodium hydroxide has recently been investigated using low angle X-ray scattering patterns (44). These authors have proposed a structure quite similar to that of Green rust II ... 

---