Beetle, rust-red flour

Mackness, M.I., Walker, C.H, Rowlands, D.G. et al. (1982). Esterase activity in homogenates of 3 strains of rust red flour beetle. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 74C, 65-68. 

Abdel-Kader M. M., Abdu R. M. and Hussien M. A. (1987) Effect of time of day and temperature on sex pheromone production and perception by the rust-red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Arab GulfJ. Scient. Res. Agric. Biol. Sci. B5, 147-156. 

Essential oils from laurel were evaluated for fumigant toxicity against all developmental stages of the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum). GC-MS analysis showed that 1,8-cineole was the major component of the essential oils. The vapours of laurel essential oil were toxic to all the stages of T. confusum (Isikber et al., 2006). Repellency and toxicity of essential oil from L. nobilis (Lauraceae) against the rust-red flour beetle T. castaneum Herbst) were also reported by Andronikashvili and Reichmuth (2003). The toxicity of ethanol extracts from L. nobilis on the large diamondback moth, Plutella xylos-tella, was 55% (Erturk et al., 2004). 

AndronikashviIi, M. and Reichmuth, C. (2003) Repellency and toxicity of essential oils from Ocimum gratissi-mum (Lamiaceae) and Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) from Georgia against the rust-red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae). Proceedings of 8th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, York, UK, 22-26 July 2002, pp. 749-762. 

Dyte, C.E., Forster, R. and Aggarwal, S. (1976) The rust-red flour beetle. Resistance to juvenile hormone mimics. Pest Infestation Control, 1971-73, 79-80. 

Fam, G. and Smith, D.M. 1963b. Rate of excretion of uric acid by the rust-red flour beetle. J. Assoc. 

In studies with the rust-red flour beetle Tribolium casta-neum, alfalfa saponins inhibited growth, but this effect was reduced by addition of cholesterol to the diet. 

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