High-Speed Tool Steel

The major cutting-tool substrate materials are high-speed tool steel, cemented carbides and, more recently, ceramics and diamond. The share of these materials of the total cutting-tool market is estimated as follows (in 1996)  

Work is under way to deposit TiN at lower temperature by plasma CVD and Ti(C,N) by MOCVD at temperature low enough to coat tool steel without degradation (see Ch. lO).  

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Vanadium is used in producing rust resistant and high speed tools steels. It is an important carbide stabilizer in making steels. 

TI (AlSl) W 18.0 V 1.0 Quenched tempered R(c) High speed tool steel, cutting... 

Spinning Cup Atomization (RSC) <10-300 Standard deviation 1.5-1.7 Sn, Pb, Al, Cu, Zn alloys, Stainless and High speed tool steels, Superalloys 105-106 — 0.5-1.4x 10 3 Fine, clean, spherical particles, Narrow size distribution Small facility Relatively low volume productivity... 

This process, also termed rapid spinning cup (RSC) process, was invented in the early 1980 s contemporarily by Osaka University in Japan[191] and Battelle s Columbus Division in the US)192 Unlike water atomization where water streams or droplets are used to disintegrate a molten metal, a coherent fast-moving liquid layer is used in the RSC process. Liquid quenchants include water, oil, glycerine, and other commercial quenching liquids. The materials atomized with the spinning cup method include a wide variety of metals and alloys such as tin, lead, aluminum alloys, copper alloys, iron alloys (stainless steels and high speed tool steels), zinc alloys and superalloys.[192]... 

High-speed tool steel or carbide bits with a positive rake of 5° to 10°. Must be razor-sharp. 

M. G. H. Wells and L. W. Lherbier, eds., Processing and Properties of High Speed Tool Steels, Metalluigical Society of AIME, Warrendale, Pa., 1980. 

COBALT AND ITS COMPOUNDS Cobalt, Co, at wt 58.95, steel-gray metal, d 8.71 at 20°, mp 1495°, bp 2880° readily sol in nitric acid and less sol in dil hydrochloric or sulfuric acids. It is obtained from ore concentrates by roasting, followed by thermal reduction by A1 or other methods. The principal use of the metal is in alloys, especially Co steels for permanent supermagnets, Co-Cr high-speed tool steels, cemented carbides and high temperature-resisting alloys for jet engins, For a description of its alloys see Refs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 8. Cobalt Bomb is briefly discussed under Bombs in Vol 2,... 

Gunji K. et al.. Solidification structure of high speed tool steel. Trans. ISIJ, 14 (1974), 257- 266... 

The metal forms a stable carbide, V4C3, and is used to refine the grain and carbide structure of steel and to improve its hardness at elevated temperatures. Amongst its numerous applications are incorporation in high-speed tool steels and exhaust-valve springs. 

As to the first problem, even if the rollers are not cooled, the equilibrium temperature during continuous operation is always considerably below the feed temperature because of heat loss due to radiation when the roller surface is not in contact with the hot material (i.e. more than 75%) and due to heat conduction. Nevertheless, surface temperatures of 450-500°C may be reached which, however, can be handled with high speed tool steels. If such steels are used, the segmented design must be applied. 

Die Pressing. Pressing of powders in rigid dies is carried out either in mechanical or hydraulic presses. The pressure is applied from the top, or from the top and bottom (double action presses). Die and punches are made of high-speed tool steel or... 

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