From decomposition

Perhaps it is worth emphasizing that the actual metastable ions are those that decompose, and the so-called metastable ions that are recorded are actually the products of decomposition, not the metastable ions themselves. It is more accurate to describe the recorded metastable ions as ions resulting from decomposition of metastable ions. The apparent m/z value of a metastable ion provides the link between an ion that fragments (the parent or precursor ion) and the ion that is formed by the fragmentation (the daughter or product ion). 

In an EW- of a B/E-linked scan using an electric/magnetic-sector instrument, a precursor ion is selected. In this case it is m, which might be a molecular ion but equally could be any fragment ion. All product ions (mj, m3, m4) from decomposition of m, in the first field-free region between the ion source and the ion collector are found, thereby giving connections mpm, m -m3, m -m4. 

Because the reaction takes place in the Hquid, the amount of Hquid held in the contacting vessel is important, as are the Hquid physical properties such as viscosity, density, and surface tension. These properties affect gas bubble size and therefore phase boundary area and diffusion properties for rate considerations. Chemically, the oxidation rate is also dependent on the concentration of the anthrahydroquinone, the actual oxygen concentration in the Hquid, and the system temperature (64). The oxidation reaction is also exothermic, releasing the remaining 45% of the heat of formation from the elements. Temperature can be controUed by the various options described under hydrogenation. Added heat release can result from decomposition of hydrogen peroxide or direct reaction of H2O2 and hydroquinone (HQ) at a catalytic site (eq. 19). 

Electrical trees consist of visible permanent hoUow channels, resulting from decomposition of the material, and show up clearly in polyethylene and other translucent soHd dielectrics when examined with an optical microscope. Eresh, unstained water trees appear diffuse and temporary. Water trees consist of very fine paths along which moisture has penetrated under the action of a voltage gradient. Considerable force is required to effect this... 

The ratio of terminal to internal alkene from decomposition of some sulfonhun salts under alkaline conditions is as indicated ... 

AUcyl amines also react with NaN02 and aqueous acid, but no diazonium ions can be isolated. Rather, alcohols and alkenes are obtained, products that might result from decomposition of RN2 - If RN2 does indeed form in these reactions (and there is evidence that it may not), why is it so unstable compared to PhN2 ... 

The presence of nitrate as acelerator has a pronounced effect on the amount and composition of gas evolved from the work being treated (Table 15.8). It will be observed that hydrogen evolution drops to a very low figure with the zinc/nitrate baths. The formation of nitrite arises from decomposition of nitrate by reaction with primary ferrous phosphate to form ferric phosphate ... 

Phenylethvl benzoate from decomposition of N nitroso N (2-phenyl-ethyl)benzamide, 47, 45 Phenylethyny lhthium 46, 88 Phenylethyny lmagnesium, Gngnard reagent, 46, 88... 

Figure 10 shows the voltage windows of chelatoborates. The question mark ( ) indicates the formation of lithium-ion conducting films, preventing the electrolyte from decomposition the numbers refer to the compounds mentioned in this section of the text. 

The explanation for autoacceleration is as follows. As polymerisation proceeds there is an increase in the viscosity of the reaction mixture which reduces the mobility of the reacting species. Growing polymer molecules are more affected by this than either the molecules of monomer or the fragments arising from decomposition of the initiator. Hence termination reactions slow down and eventually stop, while initiation and propagation reactions still continue. Such a decrease in the rate of the termination steps thus leads to the observed increase in the overall rate of polymerisation. 

The first step in Mechanism I is the unimolecular decomposition of NO2. Our molecular analysis shows that the rate of a unimolecular reaction is constant on a per molecule basis. Thus, if the concentration of NO2 is doubled, twice as many molecules decompose in any given time. In quantitative terms, if NO2 decomposes by Mechanism I, the rate law will be Predicted rate (Mechanism I) = [N02 ] Once an NO2 molecule decomposes, the O atom that results from decomposition very quickly reacts with another NO2 molecule. 

Phosphinidenes have been postulated as intermediates in the addition of cyclopolyphosphines to conjugated dienes and in the thermal decomposition of (23). Isolation of the adduct (24) from decomposition of (23) in... 

Newspapers are suitable as wrapping material to protect the samples from decomposition during shipping. 

Monte Carlo simulations have been also used to reproduce the dynamics of adsorbates associated with NO reduction reactions. As mentioned above, complex desorption dynamics have been observed experimentally in some instances. For example, the N2 produced from decomposition of N20 on Rh(110) leaves the surface in five peaks associated with both the N20 dissociation events and the desorption of the adsorbed products. Monte Carlo simulations of those spectra was possible by using a model that takes into account both channels of N2 desorption and also N20 O lateral interactions to stabilize N20 adsorption [18],... 

Irradiation of benzaldehyde in the presence of S-decyne results in the formation of the above a,/3-unsaturated ketone, presumably from decomposition of an intermediate oxetene which may be formed in a vibrationally excited (hot) ground state.<106)... 

Aryl ketones are often used to effect cis and tram isomerization of olefins.(118-ia0) Although this, in some cases, can be viewed as an energy transfer process where the ketone triplet transfers its energy to the olefin, which then isomerizes, the failure of noncarbonyl sensitizers of comparable triplet energy to isomerize the olefins suggests that a process other than energy transfer may be involved. Schenck and Steinmetz<118) suggested that isomerization results from decomposition of a biradical carbonyl-olefin adduct similar to that involved in oxetane formation ... 

Land disposal sites result in soil contamination through leachate migration. The composition of the substances produced depends principally on the type of wastes present and the decomposition in the landfill (aerobic or anaerobic). The adjacent soil can be contaminated by direct horizontal leaching of surface runoff vertical leaching and transfer of gases from decomposition by diffusion and convection. The disposal of... 

Solutions of this and the hexalluoroantimonate salt in hydrogen fluoride, kept for extended periods between —50 and +50°C, burst the Kel-F or Teflon FEP containers. This was attributed to excess pressure of hydrogen fluoride and nitrogen arising from decomposition of the salts. The variable rates of decomposition indicated catalysis by trace impurities. The salts also decompose exothermally after a short period at ambient temperature. 

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