Nephritis

Plasmodium vivax, responsible for the most prevalent form of malaria (benign tertian), has an incubation period of 8—27 days (14 average). A variety seen in northern and northeastern Europe has an incubation period as long as 8—10 months. The disease can cause splenic mpture and anemia. Relapses (renewed manifestations of erythrocytic infection) can occur with this type of malaria. Overall, P. vivax is stiU susceptible to chloroquine however, resistant strains have been reported from Papua New Guinea and parts of Indonesia. Plasmodium malariae the cause of quartan malaria, has an incubation period of 15—30 days and its asexual cycle is 72 hours. This mildest form of malaria can cause nephritis in addition to the usual symptoms. It is a nonrelapsing type of malaria but the ted blood ceU infection can last for many years. No resistance to chloroquine by this plasmodium has been reported. Plasmodium ovale responsible for ovale tertian malaria, has an incubation period of 9—17 days (15 average). Relapses can occur in people infected with this plasmodium. No chloroquine resistance has been reported for this parasite. 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Dust mask goggles or face shield protective gloves Symptoms Following Exposure inhalation of dust causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion may cause vomiting, salty taste, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, collapse, thirst, disturbed color vision, and acute toxic nephritis. Contact with eyes causes irritation. 

Specification grade K nitrate gains 0,76% by wt at 70°F and 90% relative humidity Toxicity. Ingestion of large amounts may cause violent irritation of the intestinal lining. Prolonged exposure to small amounts may result in anemia and nephritis. Moderately poisonous on ingestion or inhalation (Refs 9 10)... 

M (increased kidney weight renal tubule dilation, degeneration of renal tubule epithelium albuminous casts focal interstitial nephritis)... 

Anti-nephritis activity and anti-nephrosis activity Hypoglycemic activity Cholesterol decreasing effect... 

Diabetic or HIV nephropathy, analgesic abuse nephropathy, cyclosporine nephropathy, and chronic interstitial nephritis... 

Brown, muddy granular casts (highly indicative of ATN) Proteinuria (glomerulonephritis or allergic interstitial nephritis) Eosinophiluria (acute interstitial nephritis)... 

White blood cells or casts (acute interstitial nephritis or severe pyelonephritis)... 

Tubular and interstitial diseases (e.g., analgesic nephropathy, drug-induced nephritis, oxalate nephropathy, radiation nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, and sarcoidosis)... 

Dapsone 50-1 00-mg tablet by mouth once a day Hepatotoxicity Myelosuppression Nephritis... 

Adverse reactions CNS Convulsions, confusion, drowsiness, myoclonus, fever Dermatologic Rash Metabolic Electrolyte imbalance Hematologic Positive Coombs test, hemolytic anemia Local Rain, thrombophlebitis Renal Acute interstitial nephritis Miscellaneous Anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction CNS Seizures, confusion, drowsiness, myoclonus, CNS stimulation Cardiovascular Myocardial depression, vasodilation, conduction disturbances Hematologic Positive Coombs test, hemolytic anemia, neutropenia Local Thrombophlebitis, sterile abscess at injection site Renal Interstitial nephritis Miscellaneous Pseudoanaphylactic reactions, hypersensitivity, Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction, serum sickness... 

Radiation nephritis Kidney injury and impairment of function caused by ionizing radiation. 

Lloyd CM, Minto AW, Dorf ME, et al. RANTES and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) play an important role in the inflammatory phase of crescentic nephritis, but only MCP-1 is involved in crescent formation and interstitial fibrosis. J Exp Med 1997 185(7) 1371-1380. 

NS (occup) Increase in death due to cerebrovascular disease, nephritis, and/or nephrosis NS Fanning 1988 Malcolm and Barnett 1982 Michaels et al. 1991... 

A cohort mortality study was conducted to compare the mortality rates due to chronic renal disease in 4,519 battery plant workers and 2,300 lead production or smelter workers from 1947 to 1980 (Cooper 1988 Cooper et al. 1985). The mortality data for these workers were compared with national mortality rates for white males. Environmental lead levels and PbB levels were available for only about 30% of all workers for varying time periods from 1947 to 1972. Statistically significant increases in mortality from "other hypertensive disease" and "chronic nephritis" were seen in both lead cohorts. Limitations of this study include the fact that various confounding factors, such as smoking, were not accounted for, and the workers were probably exposed to other toxic chemicals. 

Nye LJJ. 1929. An investigation of the extraordinary incidence of chronic nephritis in young people in Queensland. Med J Aust 2 145-159. 

Acute drug-related hypersensitivity reactions (allergic responses) may cause tubulointerstitial nephritis, which will damage the tubules and interstitium. These reactions are most commonly observed with administration of methicillin and other synthetic antibiotics as well as furosemide and the thiazide diuretics. The onset of symptoms occurs in about 15 days. Symptoms include fever, eosinophilia, hematuria (blood in the urine), and proteinuria (proteins in the urine). Signs and symptoms of acute renal failure develop in about 50% of the cases. Discontinued use of the drug usually results in complete recovery however, some patients, especially the elderly, may experience permanent renal damage. 

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