Cardiovascular stimulation

Adverse effects of high-dose MDMA intoxication, including cardiovascular stimulation and elevated body temperature, are thought to involve monoamine release from sympathetic nerves in the periphery or nerve terminals in the CNS.48 MDMA increases heart rate and mean arterial... 

Contemporary anesthetic management requires (1) rapid loss of consciousness, which eliminates awareness, memory of pain, anxiety, and stress throughout the surgical period (2) a level of analgesia sufficient to abohsh the reflex reactions to pain, such as muscular movement and cardiovascular stimulation (3) minimal and reversible influence on vital physiological functions, such as those performed by the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (4) relaxation of skeletal muscle to facilitate endotracheal intubation, provide the surgeon ready access to the operative field, and reduce the dose of anesthetic required to produce immobihty (5) lack of... 

Ketamine also can be contrasted to other intravenous drugs in its ability to cause cardiovascular stimulation rather than depression. The observed increases in heart rate and blood pressure appear to be mediated through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. In a healthy, normovolemic, unpremedicated patient, the initial induction dose of ketamine maintains or stimulates cardiovascular function. In contrast, patients with... 

Toxicity associated with the methylxanthines usually takes the form of nervousness, insomnia, and in severe cases, delirium. Cardiovascular stimulation is seen as tachycardia and extrasystoles. Excessive respiratory stimulation may occur, and diuresis may be prominent. 

Pentazocine is contraindicated in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction because of cardiovascular stimulation. Psychotomimetic side effects, such as hallucinations, bizarre dreams, and sensations of depersonalisation, occur in about 6-10% of patients. They are more common in elderly patients, in those who are ambulatory, and when doses above 60 mg are given. Nausea occurs in approximately 5% of patients although vomiting is less common. Other commonly reported side effects are dizziness and drowsiness. The risk of physical dependence is low. 

Ketamine Moderately rapid onset and recovery Causes cardiovascular stimulation, increased cerebral blood... 

Ketamine is the only intravenous anesthetic that possesses both anesthetic and analgesic properties, as well as the ability to produce dose-related cardiovascular stimulation. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and cardiac output can be significantly increased above baseline values. These variables reach a peak 2-4 minutes after an intravenous bolus... 

LSM-775, N-Morpholinyllysergamide. There are conflicting reports one states that 75 micrograms is an effective dose, comparable to a similar dose of LSD, and the other stated that between 350 and 700 micrograms was needed to elicit this response, and that there were fewer signs of cardiovascular stimulation and peripheral toxicity. 

In addition to being a stimulant, caffeine also has many effects outside of the nervous system. Caffeine is a cardiovascular stimulant, causing the heart rate to increase while constricting blood vessels, both of which can cause increases in blood pressure. Caffeine is also a diuretic (i.e., it increases urination), so it can sometimes cause dehydration and low calcium levels. If taken during pregnancy, the amount of caffeine should be limited to 300 mg per day, as birth problems have been reported in pregnant women who consume more than this amount. 

QUALITATIVE COMMENTS (with 35 mg) There was a vague awareness of something all afternoon, something that might be called a thinness. Possibly some brief cardiovascular stimulation, but nothing completely believable. This is a threshold level at the very most. ... 

The most common adverse reactions to this medication are headache, nausea, nervousness, anxiety, and insomnia (211). Generally, these reactions are mild or moderate. The frequencies with which the most common treatment-emergent whole-body, digestive, respiratory, and nervous-system adverse experiences have occurred with daily 200- and 400-mg doses in patient populations were headache 50%, nausea 13%, rhinitis 11%, and nervousness 8%. Unlike amphetamine, modafinil is not associated with significant cardiovascular stimulation. 

Adenosine (694, X = CH2OH) and derivatives of 694 inhibit adrenergic transmission presynaptically. Therefore these substances are useful as cardiovascular stimulating... 

The pharmacological effects of tiletamine plus zolazepam are very similar to the effects produced by ketamine. When used as the sole anesthetic in the horse, tiletamine plus zolazepam can cause excitation and hyperresponsiveness. This combination is only used in the horse after adequate sedation. In general, it produces a dose-related loss of consciousness, characterized as a cataleptic state, and analgesia. Ocular and airway reflexes are well maintained. The combination induces mild cardiovascular stimulation secondary to centrally mediated sympathetic nervous system stimulation. There is minimal respiratory depression. 

Ketamine is a potent analgesic-anesthetic that is also effective intramuscularly. One particular property, production of cardiovascular stimulation, is of special advantage in elderly patients and those in shock (e.g., from bums). However, its propensity to precipitate hallucinations, delirium, disorientation, and other perceptual illusions postoperatively in about 12% of patients has led to its infrequent use in the United States. Ketamine s close structural analogy to the notorious and dangerous hallucinogen, phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust ), should be noted. This drug, which was first also introduced as an... 

S. ciliata (G. Don) B.L. Burtt syn. S. purpurascens Clarke a species of Swertia, is an annual, erect, solitary or tufted, branched, scaberulous herb, used as a substitute for true chirata . It is most commonly distributed in temperate N-W Himalaya, 1,700-4,100 m, from Kashmir to Kumoan [67]. The roots contain alkaloids. Xanthones, reported from the plant showed activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. The extracted xanthone-O-glucosides showed noteworthy CNS depressant, cardiovascular stimulant and anticonvulsant activities. Swertisin and an iridoid swertiamarin (60) have been reported from this species [89]. 

Antimuscarinic toxicity manifests as excessive sympathetic activity. This may include excessive cardiovascular stimulation (e.g., tachycardia, angina, arrhythmias), and CNS stimulation (e.g., anxiety, insomnia, restlessness). Other CNS effects may also occur, such as headache, ataxia, disorientation, hallucinations, delirium, coma, dizziness, excitement, agitation, and confusion. 

Ketamine is a cardiovascular stimulant, increasing heart rate and blood pressure. This results in part from central sympathetic stimulation and possibly from inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake at sympathetic nerve endings. Analgesia and amnesia occur, with preservation of muscle tone and minimal depression of respiration. The answer is (A). 

Possibly some brief cardiovascular stimulation, but nothing completely believable. This is a threshold level at the very most. 

One of the main issues related to tramadol is the fact that it blocks serotonin reuptake and may cause serotonin syndrome in susceptible patients. Serotonin syndrome is characterized by neurological and cardiovascular stimulation, and can lead to seizures and death. Risks of developing serotonin syndrome are increased in patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. 

This compound has a novel 3-ring structure in which animal studies suggested a prolonged alerting effect at dose levels with little psychomotor or cardiovascular stimulation. First administration to 8 depressed... 

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