Nephritis pyelonephritis

Severe glomerulonephritis or terminal stages of chronic nephritis, pyelonephritis, or nephrosclerosis with oliguria or anuria may lead to hyperkalemia. The amount of potassium present in the ECF is so small compared to the amount in tissues that extrusion of potassium from a relatively small number of cells into the ECF may lead to hyperkalemia. This occurs in... 

White blood cells or casts (acute interstitial nephritis or severe pyelonephritis)... 

Glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, renal infarction, papillary necrosis, renal tumors, kidney stones Pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis... 

Pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis Glomerulonephritis, renal infard, lupus nephritis, vasculitis... 

Chronic exposure of both rats and mice resulted in tubular nephropathy in both males and females. In rats, lesions were present in 45-66% of the males when they were sacrificed at 110 weeks after receiving 212 and 423 mg/kg/day hexachloroethane for 66 weeks of a 78-week exposure period (NTP 1977 Weisburger 1977). The renal lesions were characterized by hyperchromic regenerative epithelium, necrosis, interstitial nephritis, fibrosis, focal pyelonephritis, tubular ectasis, and hyaline casts. Lesions were also present in females but had a lower incidence (18% and 59%) for the two dose groups. Two-year exposures of male rats to much lower doses (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) resulted in similar effects on the kidneys (NTP 1989). Minimal to mild nephropathy was present in females for doses of 80 and 160 mg/kg/day. Over 90% of the male and female mice exposed to 590 and 1,179 mg/kg/day hexachloroethane for 78 weeks displayed tubular nephropathy when sacrificed at 90 weeks (NTP 1977 Weisburger 1977). Regenerative tubular epithelium was visible and degeneration of the tubular epithelium occurred at the junction of the cortex and the medulla. Hyaline casts were present in the tubules, and fibrosis, calcium deposition, and inflammatory cells were noted in the kidney tissues. 

The kidneys (Table VIII) appeared less sensitive to DMH toxicity than liver. Renal lesions consisted of focal, usually subscapular fibrosis with atrophy and hyperplasia of tubular epithelium and variable inflammatory infiltrates. This lesion was designated "interstitial nephritis" or "pyelonephritis" when the renal pelvis was involved. There was no statistical basis for differentiating the lesion with involvement of the pelvic from that without, and therefore the two designations have been pooled for... 

An association between the use of 5-ASA in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease and the development of a particular type of chronic tubulo-in-terstitial nephritis is difficult to interpret since renal involvement in chronic inflammatory bowel disease may be an extra-intestinal manifestation of the underlying disease [110]. Extra-intestinal manifestations of chronic inflammatory bowel disease are well recognized. The most frequent renal complications are oxalate stones and their consequences such as pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis and on the long-term amyloidosis [111, 112]. As for many drugs, reversible acute interstitial nephritis has been described [90]. 

Thomsen OF, Ladefoged J. Pyelonephritis and interstitial nephritis—clinical-pathological correlations. Clin Nephrol 2002 58 275-81. 

Renal Effects. Interstitial nephritis and pyelonephritis were observed in mice receiving 1.6 mg/kg/day... 

Indications Liver blood and kidney yin and yang vacuity, loss of harmony of the chong and ren. Menopausal complaints, amenorrhea, hypertension, nephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidneys, renal vascular disease, urinary tract infection, and hypofunction of the anterior pituitary... 

Indications Damp heat pouring downward. Acute urinary tract infection, urinary calculi, cystitis, urethritis, acute prostatitis, acute nephritis, acute pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, and acute gonorrhea... 

Due to their importance, any disorder in the function or structure of the kidneys can have serious consequences, and often require some dietary adjustments. Glomerulonephritis (nephritis), nephrosis, nephroptosis, nephrosclerosis, renal (kidney) failure, kidney stones (nephrolithiasis), pyelitis, and pyelonephritis are all specific diseases which may in general be called kidney diseases. 

---