Kidney weight

The health effects of sorbic acid and sorbates have been reviewed (165—167). The extremely low toxicity of sorbic acid enhances its desirabiHty as a food preservative. The oral LD q for sorbic acid in rats is 7—10 g/kg body weight compared to 5 g/kg for sodium chloride (165—169). In subacute and chronic toxicity tests in rats, 5% sorbic acid in the diet results in no abnormal effects after 90 days or lifetime feeding studies. A level of 10% in rat diets results in a slight enlargement of the Hver, kidneys, and thyroid gland (170). This same dietary level fed to mice also resulted in an increase in Hver and kidney weight... 

Renal 1.9 3.9 (yellow protein in tubule lumen eosinophilic droplets in cells of proximal convoluted tubules increased kidney weights) 23.4 M (proteinuria) ... 

M (increased kidney weight renal tubule dilation, degeneration of renal tubule epithelium albuminous casts focal interstitial nephritis)... 

Wistar) (F) Renal 250 M (increased blood urea nitrogen increased relative kidney weight)... 

No increase in kidney weight was noted in mice continuously exposed to 1.6 mg lead/m3 as lead nitrate for 28 days (Hillam and Ozkan 1986). No other studies were located regarding renal effects in animals after inhalation exposure to inorganic lead. These results are presented in Table 2-2 and plotted in Figure 2-1. 

Equivalent to 25 or 63 mg Ni/kg BW daily, as nickel sulfate, for 2 years Inhalation No serious adverse effects at low dose high dose group had emphysema, pneumonia, low hematocrit, increased liver and kidney weight, and a 40% decrease in body weight gain 6... 

Male New Zealand rabbits displayed nephrosis of the convoluted tubules and nephrocalcinosis when given doses of 320 and 1,000 mg/kg/day hexachloroethane in methyl cellulose solution for 12 days (Weeks et al. 1979). Kidney weights were increased significantly for the 1,000 mg/kg/day dose. There were no observed effects on the kidney with a dose of 100 mg/kg/day. 

These signs of nephropathy were present in all of the males at the 62 mg/kg/day dose and 70% of the males at the 15 mg/kg/day dose. Kidney weights were significantly increased for the 62 mg/kg/day dose group. Renal effects were also present in female rats, but they were less severe than the effects seen in males and occurred at higher doses. A dose of 62 mg/kg/day in the diet for 16 weeks was associated with atrophy and degeneration of the tubules in 60% of the females (Gorzinski et al. 1985). 

Acute exposure to concentrations of 260-5,900 ppm hexachloroethane had minimal effects on the kidney. There was an increase in kidney weights in male rats exposed to 260 ppm hexachloroethane for 6 weeks but... 

Weil, C.S. (1962). Applications of methods of statistical analysis to efficient repeated-dose toxicological tests. I. General considerations and problems involved. Sex differences in rat liver and kidney weights. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 4 561-571. 

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