Anemia, hemolytic

Hematologic Neutropenia eosinophilia leukopenia pancytopenia thrombocytopenia agranulocytosis granulocytopenia aplastic anemia hemolytic anemia epistaxis menorrhagia hemorrhage bruising hemolysis, ecchymosis (naproxen). 

Adverse reactions may include headache anorexia nausea vomiting urinary frequency hypersensitivity reactions sore gums flushing dizziness anemia hemolytic anemia (possibly related to G-6-PD deficiency) nephrotic syndrome hepatic necrosis aplastic anemia exacerbation of gout uric acid stones with or without hematuria renal colic or costovertebral pain. 

Hematologic Hematopoietic complications, some fatal, include thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and pancytopenia. Macrocytosis and megaloblastic anemia usually respond to folic acid therapy. Eosinophilia monocytosis leukocytosis simple anemia hemolytic anemia aplastic anemia ecchymosis. 

Hematologic/Lymphatic Anemia hemolytic anemia thrombocytopenia thrombocytopenic purpura eosinophilia leukopenia granulocytopenia neutropenia bone marrow depression agranulocytosis reduction of hemoglobin or hematocrit prolongation of bleeding and prothrombin time decrease in WBC and lymphocyte counts increase in lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, and platelets. Hypersensitivity Adverse reactions (estimated incidence, 1% to 10%) are more likely to occur in individuals with previously demonstrated hypersensitivity. In penicillin-sensitive individuals with a history of allergy, asthma, or hay fever, the reactions may be immediate and severe. 

Hemolytic anemia Hemolytic anemia, frequently dose-related, may occur in G-6-PD deficient individuals. 

Mild to moderate side effects, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, anorexia, and headache, occur in up to 33% of patients taking this drug. Skin rash and discoloration, fever, reversible male infertility, and liver enzyme elevation occur less frequently. Rare hematological abnormalities, such as agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, neutropenia, or other blood dyscrasias, can be fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions occur rarely. 

Different classifications of anemia are based in part on the pathophysiological factor inducing the decreased hemoglobin concentration. Anemias due to cell hy-poproliferation include aplastic anemia and iron deficiency anemia. Hemolytic anemia results from excessive destruction of red blood cells. Megaloblastic anemia, sideroblastic anemia, and iron deficiency anemia result from an abnormality in the maturation of red blood cells. 

I 55 Bottiger LE, Bottiger B, Incidence and cause of aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Acta Med Scand I 981 210 475-479. 

Anemias Hemolytic anemia occurs in patients with low levels of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase3 (see p. 351). Other types of anemia occurring as a side effect of chloramphenicol include reversible anemia, which is apparently dose-related and occurs concomitantly with therapy, and aplastic anemia, which is idiosyncratic and usually fatal. [Note Aplastic anemia is independent of dose and may occur after therapy has ceased.]... 

Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) 25-mg tablet Malaria (see pyrimethamine-sulfadoxime) Gl Abdominal pain, vomiting, glossitis Hemat. Megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia Recommended that folinic acid 1-5 mg/day be concurrently administered can cause hemolysis in patients with GbPO deficiency 9, 24, 25... 

Deficiency conditions Pernicious anemia, hemolytic anemia, hyperthyroidism, bowel and pancreatic mahgnancies, gastrectomy, GI lesions, neurologic damage, malabsorption syndrome, metabohc disorders, renal disease... 

Impaired heme production, anemia hemolytic effects... 

Various groups of Pb-exposed adults and children in earlier literature Significantly elevated PbB, >40—80 pg/ dl Anemia Hemolytic anemia from shortened erythrocyte survival and various mechanisms Waldron (1966), Moore (1988), Valentine and Paglia (1980), Angle and Mclntire (1982)... 

The symptoms of vitamin E deficiency in animals are numerous and vary from species to species (13). Although the deficiency of the vitamin can affect different tissue types such as reproductive, gastrointestinal, vascular, neural, hepatic, and optic in a variety of species such as pigs, rats, mice, dogs, cats, chickens, turkeys, monkeys, and sheep, it is generally found that necrotizing myopathy is relatively common to most species. In humans, vitamin E deficiency can result from poor fat absorption in adults and children. Infants, especially those with low birth weights, typically have a vitamin E deficiency which can easily be corrected by supplements. This deficiency can lead to symptoms such as hemolytic anemia, reduction in red blood cell lifetimes, retinopathy, and neuromuscular disorders. 

Methyldopa is effective in mild, moderate, and severe hypertension but a thiazide-type diuretic is needed to overcome the fluid retaining side effect. Methyldopa has been shown to prevent and induce regression of ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. The principal side effects are sedation, drowsiness, nasal congestion, fluid retention, and in rare occasions, hemolytic anemia. 

Hematologic diseases autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, pernicous anemia Kidney disease Goodpasture syndrom, lipoid nephroses, minimal change glomerulonephritis Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, autoimmune atrophic gastritis, Crohn s disease, ulcerative colitis... 

As the above mentioned studies with high supplementation dosages exemplarily show, there is no known toxicity for phylloquinone (vitamin Kl), although allergic reactions are possible. This is NOT true for menadione (vitamin K3) that can interfere with glutathione, a natural antioxidant, resulting in oxidative stress and cell membrane damage. Injections of menadione in infants led to jaundice and hemolytic anemia and therefore should not be used for the treatment of vitamin K deficiency. 

Rare cases of hemolytic anemia, including fatalities, have been reported with the administration of the cephalosporins. The patient should be monitored for anemia If a patient experiences anemia within 2 to 3 weeks after the start of cephalosporin therapy, drug-induced anemia should be considered. If hemolytic anemia is suspected, the primary health care provider will discontinue the drug therapy. The patient may require blood transfusions to correct tire anemia. Frequent hematological studies may be required. 

Acetaminophen causes few adverse reactions when used as directed on the label or recommended by the primary health care provider. Adverse reactions associated with the use of acetaminophen usually occur with chronic use or when the recommended dosage is exceeded. Adverse reactions to acetaminophen include skin eruptions, urticaria (hives), hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia (a reduction in all cellular components of the blood), hypoglycemia, jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin), hepatotoxicily (damage to the liver), and hepatic failure (seen in chronic alcoholics taking the drug). 

Idiopathic or secondary thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, red blood cell anemia, congenital hypoplastic anemia... 

Inherited aldolase A deficiency and pyruvate kinase deficiency in erythrocytes cause hemolytic anemia. The exercise capacity of patients with muscle phos-phofiaictokinase deficiency is low, particularly on high-carbohydrate diets. By providing an alternative lipid fuel, eg, during starvation, when blood free fatty acids and ketone bodies are increased, work capacity is improved. 

Type VII Tarul s disease Deficiency of phosphofructokinase in muscle and erythrocytes As for type V but also possibility of hemolytic anemia. 

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