Hazard hazardous materials

Each hazard class has associated placards and labels identifying the hazards of the class during transportation. Each hazard class and associated placard has a color, which indicates a particular hazard. Hazardous materials may have more than one hazard. It is important to note that the placard on a transport vehicle depicts only the most severe hazard of a material as determined by DOT hazard class definitions. When a material has more than one hazard, the DOT prioritizes the hazard that will be placarded. These hazards are listed by the DOT in 49 CFR 173.2a (see Figure 1.7) to determine which hazard will be assigned to a particular material when the material has multiple hazards. 

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Hazardous Materials Publishing Co., Kutztown, PA, 1991. Also... 

Underground storage tanks create leak hazards. Hazardous materials create much concern. The EPA regulates and sets standards for underground storage tanks. 

Warning—Those giving precautionary information that should be heeded to avoid a possible dangerous occurrence (e.g., hard hart required, noise hazard, hazard material information system placard, toxic gas notices, etc.). 

Early decisions made purely for process reasons often can lead to problems of safety and health (and environment) which require complex and often expensive solutions. It is far better to consider them early as the design progresses. Designs that avoid the need for hazardous materials, or use less of them, or use them at lower temperatures and pressures, or dilute them with inert materials will be inherently safe and will not require elaborate safety systems. ... 

The best way to deal with a hazard in a flowsheet is to remove it completely. The provision of safety systems to control the hazard is much less satisfactory. One of the principal approaches to making a process inherently safe is to limit the inventory of hazardous material, called intensification of hazardous material. The inventories we wish to avoid most of all are flashing flammable liquids or flashing toxic liquids. 

Distillation. There is a large inventory of boiling liquid, sometimes under pressure, in a distillation column, both in the base and held up in the column. If a sequence of columns is involved, then, as discussed in Chap. 5, the sequence can be chosen to minimize the inventory of hazardous material. If all materials are equally hazardous, then choosing the sequence that tends to minimize the flow rate of nonkey components also will tend to minimize the inventory. Use of the dividing-wall column shown in Fig. 5.17c will reduce considerably the inventory relative to two simple columns. Dividing-wall columns are inherently safer than conventional arrangements because they lower not only the inventory but also the number of items of equipment and hence lower the potential for leaks. 

Intensification of hazardous materials results in a safer process. In... 

So far the emphasis has been on substituting hazardous materials or using less, i.e., intensification. Let us now consider use of hazardous materials under less hazardous conditions, i.e. at less extreme temperatures or pressures or as a vapor rather than superheated liquid or diluted, in other words, attenuation. ... 

When synthesizing a fiowsheet, the designer should consider carefully the problems associated with operation under extreme conditions. Attenuation will result in a safer plant, providing the attenuation does not increase the inventory of hazardous materials. If the inventory does not increase, then attenuation not only will make the process safer but also will make it cheaper, since cheaper materials of construction and thinner vessel walls can be used and it is not necessary to add on so much protective equipment. 

Choose the distillation sequence to minimize the inventory of hazardous material. 

When synthesizing a flowsheet, the designer should consider carefully the problems associated with operation under extreme conditions. Attenuation will result in a safer plant, providing the attenuation does not increase the inventory of hazardous materials. 

PACKAGING - CONTAINERS FORINDUSTRIALMATERIALS] (Vol 17) HMR See Hazardous Materials Regulations. 

Hazardous Materials Table, Code of Federal Regulations 49CFR 172.101 (revisedNov. 1989). 

Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials, 9th ed.. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Mass., 1986, pp. 49—51. 

Shipment of hydrazine solutions is regulated in the United States by the Department of Transportation (DOT) which classifies all aqueous solutions between 64.4 and 37% N2H4 as "Corrosive" materials with a subsidiary risk of "Poison". Hydrazine has been identified by both the Environmental Protection Agency and the DOT as a hazardous material and has been assigned a reportable quantity (RQ) of 0.450 kg (1 lb) if spilled. Dmms for the shipment of these solutions must bear both the DOT specification "Corrosive" and "Poison" labels in association with the markings "RQ Hydrazine Aqueous Solution UN 2030." Aqueous solutions of 37% concentration or less are a hazard Class 6.1, UN 3293, Packing Group III and require "Keep Away From Food" placards and labels. 

DOT Hazardous Materials Code ofFederalRegulations, Tide 49, Washington, D.C. 

Finish removers are appHed by bmshing, spraying, troweling, flowing, or soaking. Removal is by water rinse, wipe and let dry, or solvent rinse. Removers may be neutral, basic, or acidic. The viscosity can vary from water thin, to a thick spray-on, to a paste trowel-on remover. The hazard classification, such as flammable or corrosive, is assigned by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) for the hazardous materials contained in the remover. 

Health and Safety Code, Chap. 6.95, Art. 2, Hazardous Materials Management, State of California, Sacramento, Calif., 1986 Sect. 25531, RJsk Management and Prevention Program, 1987. 

U.S. Department of Transportation, Tables of Hazardous Materials, Tide 49, Subtitie B, Chapt. I, Subchapt. C, Part 172, Subpart B, Paragraph 101, of... 

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