Packing groups

Production and Shipment. Estimated adiponitrile production capacities in the U.S. in 1992 were about 625 thousand metric tons and worldwide capacity was in excess of lO metric tons. The DOT/IMO classification for adiponitrile is class 6.1 hazard, UN No. 2205. It requires a POISON label on all containers and is in packing group III. Approved materials of constmction for shipping, storage, and associated transportation equipment are carbon steel and type 316 stainless steel. Either centrifugal or positive displacement pumps may be used. Carbon dioxide or chemical-foam fire extinguishers should be used. There are no specifications for commercial adiponitrile. The typical composition is 99.5 wt % adiponitrile. Impurities that may be present depend on the method of manufacture, and thus, vary depending on the source. 

DMF can be purchased ia steel dmms (DOT 17E, UNlAl, 410 lbs net = 186 kg), tank tmcks, and railcars. On Oct. 1, 1993, new regulations in the United States were estabUshed for DMF under HM-181 the official shipping name is /V, /V- dim ethyl form am i de (shipping designation UN 2265, Packing Group III, Flammable Liquid). Formerly, it was classified as a Combustible Liquid in bulk quantities, but as "Not Regulated" in dmms (49 CFR). International overseas shipments have an IMCO classification of 3.3. 

Shipment of hydrazine solutions is regulated in the United States by the Department of Transportation (DOT) which classifies all aqueous solutions between 64.4 and 37% N2H4 as "Corrosive" materials with a subsidiary risk of "Poison". Hydrazine has been identified by both the Environmental Protection Agency and the DOT as a hazardous material and has been assigned a reportable quantity (RQ) of 0.450 kg (1 lb) if spilled. Dmms for the shipment of these solutions must bear both the DOT specification "Corrosive" and "Poison" labels in association with the markings "RQ Hydrazine Aqueous Solution UN 2030." Aqueous solutions of 37% concentration or less are a hazard Class 6.1, UN 3293, Packing Group III and require "Keep Away From Food" placards and labels. 

Shipment. Solutions of greater than 10 wt % chloric acid may be shipped usiag the label, "oxidising substance, Hquid, corrosive, n.o.s.," and usiag identification number UN3098, packing group II. 

PACKING GROUP I, II, III P.G. I Great danger P.G. II Medium danger P.G. Ill Minor danger... 

Packing Group I Packing Group II Packing Group III... 

For substances in Class 9 for which no packing group is indicated in the List of Dangerous Goods, Packing Group II quantities must be used. 

Both attractive forces and repulsive forces are included in van der Waals interactions. The attractive forces are due primarily to instantaneous dipole-induced dipole interactions that arise because of fluctuations in the electron charge distributions of adjacent nonbonded atoms. Individual van der Waals interactions are weak ones (with stabilization energies of 4.0 to 1.2 kj/mol), but many such interactions occur in a typical protein, and, by sheer force of numbers, they can represent a significant contribution to the stability of a protein. Peter Privalov and George Makhatadze have shown that, for pancreatic ribonuclease A, hen egg white lysozyme, horse heart cytochrome c, and sperm whale myoglobin, van der Waals interactions between tightly packed groups in the interior of the protein are a major contribution to protein stability. 

Packing Group 1—Great Danger Full thickness destruction of human skin (exposure time, 3 min or less observation time, 60 min). 

Examples of assignments to packing groups are shown in the table at the bottom of the page. 

DOT Hazard Class 6.1, Packing Group I, Hazard Zone A. 

S (l/2-)7/9-16-36/37-38-45 UN Hazard Class 6.1 UN Subsidiary Risks 3 UN Packing Group I Marine pollutant. 

DOT HAZARD CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Packing Group I Hazard Zone A DOT LABEL Poison... 

DOT HAZARD CLASSIFICATION 8, Packing Group II DOT LABEL Corrosive... 

On the same axes draw a tightly packed group of data points centred around a mean difference of zero. The 2SD should show a narrow range. This plot demonstrates good agreement between the methods used. 

Corrositex uses a synthetic membrane-based detection system to determine the UN packing group classification of chemicals, consumer products, or other hazardous materials. 

CFR, Section 173.127 Class 5, Division 5.1—Definition and assignment of packing groups (http //www.setonresourcecenter.eom/49CFR/Docs/wcd00009/wcd0095). 

Identification of the correct packing group helps to ensure that the proper shipping container is used to transport hazardous materials. Selection of the proper packing group also helps to minimize the risk associated with shipping hazardous materials. 

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