Hazardous materials restrictions

The Ccirriage of hazardous materials by air is die concern of the Restricted Articles Board of the International Air Transport Association (lATA). The lATA Restricted Articles Regulations place limitations on the tv pes and quantity of clicniicals tliat are carried imd specify requirements for packaging and labeling. 

It is important to keep the amount of potentially hazardous waste in the laboratory to a minimum at all times. Periodically, contents of the laboratory waste containers will be transferred to appropriate containers for final disposal. These must be stored in a safe location, often outdoors, while awaiting pick-up by a disposal service. There will be local restrictions for such storage. A locked storage area may be needed, for example, to prevent unauthorized access to hazardous materials. The fire department niiay set strict limits as to how much flammable material may be present. All containers must be marked with contents, and the storage area will no doubt require warning signs. 

Fencing. Fencing can be installed around the perimeter of a contaminated site to restrict public access. Signs warning of the presence and potential danger of hazardous materials can be posted on the fence to further discourage unauthorized access to the site. 

The surface area of a spill should be minimized for hazardous materials that have a significant vapor pressure at ambient conditions, such as acrylonitrile or chlorine. This will make it easier and more practical to collect vapor from a spill or to suppress vapor release with foam or by other means. This may require a deeper nondrained dike area than normal or some other design that will minimize surface area, in order to contain the required volume. It is usually not desirable to cover a diked area to restrict loss of vapor if the spill consists of a flammable or combustible material. 

Hot Zone The area adjacent to and surrounding a hazardous materials incident that extends far enough to prevent the effects of hazardous materials releases from endangering personnel outside the zone also known as the restricted zone or the exclusion zone. 

The mandate within the Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) to phase out a range of hazardous materials in new electrical and electronic products by 2006, has... 

Similarly, the various EU directives that mandate substance bans have initiated wide scale research and development of alternative materials. Lead is a case in point. Lead has been widely used in the electronic industry in solders. Lead-free solders have existed for many years but it was the mandate in the Restriction of use of certain Flazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) to have products free of lead by July 2006 that spurred industry research, planning and adoption of the substitutes. Annex I lists examples of Green Chemistry case studies where research was stimulated in response to legislation targeting hazardous materials. 

By Ship, All water shipment is regulated by the Coast Guard (Ref 5). There are many restrictions to the transport of hazardous materials by ship that must be taken into account. Some dangerous articles are not permitted on passenger-... 

An unfortunate consideration associated with bleaching is the generation and subsequent disposal of the spent cake. Not only does the residual oil in the cake represent a loss to the processor, but spent cake is prone to spontaneous combustion under certain conditions when exposed to air. For that reason, spent cake may be classified as a hazardous material, making its environmentally responsible disposal difficult. The traditional landfill option may be restricted, not only because of this classification but also because of the limited space available at many locations. Spent cake can be added to meal in some cases, but this practice is frowned upon, especially when processing multiple types of oil. While deoiling the cake does help reduce the risk of combustion (and work is underway to reuse some of this material), most emphasis will be focused on alternate uses for the spent clay. Some... 

Most processing equipment is designed for open operation, so some modifications of equipment and procedures are commonly required to employ these systems in biological laboratories where restrictions apply both to the protection of cultures and products from external contamination and to the protection of personnel from potentially hazardous material. 

Preventing unauthorized access into a warehouse may require certain security features. Unauthorized access may be motivated by theft or other illegal or destructive purposes. There may also be a need to restrict employee access into an area of a warehouse storing toxic or potentially hazardous materials. The type and extent of security features utilized should be based upon the risk associated with unauthorized entry. Security features, such as door locks, alarm systems, closed circuit television (CCTV) monitors, should not interfere with required means of egress. 

The Hazardous Materials Table in CFR 49 Part 172.101 lists all specific restricted explosives in various modes of transportation and those forbidden from shipment. Even though these materials are not transported, they may be found in fixed facilities of various types, such as research facilities, defense contractors, solid rocket fuel plants, explosives suppliers, and others. 

The European Union has taken the lead in restricting the use of some hazardous materials in the manufacture of electrical and electronic hardware. The program, referred to as Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), applies to all electrical and electronic products produced in Europe and products imported from other countries, thus has very broad application. The regulations put into force on July 1, 2006, apply to lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium (Cr ), poly-brominated biphenyl (PBB), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE). The RoHS guideline document specifies 0.1% or 1,000 ppm as the maximum amount permitted for lead, mercury, Cr" " , PBB, and PBDE and 0.01% or 100 ppm for cadmium. The document also describes guidelines for sample preparation and analyses of the restricted materials. 

Step 3. The ES obtains the following information from the Product Database country of origin, export restrictions, if any, on the product, and hazardous materials designation. (There should be a procedure which details who is responsible for keeping these fields current in the Product Database, and how those updates are made and controlled). 

This section states whether the material is regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) as a hazardous material. If it is, information in this section will include the hazard Class, United Nations (UN) or North America (NA) identification number, required labels, and restrictions on air or sea transport. 

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