Fire Protection Association, National

NFPA has been a worldwide leader in providing fire, electrical, and life safety to the public since 1896 (NFPA 2002). The mission of the international nonprofit organization is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life by providing and advocating scientifically based consensus codes and standards, research, training and education (NFPA 2002). The NFPA publishes of the National Electrical Code, the Life Safety Code, and 300 other codes and standards through a full, open-consensus process (NFPA 2002). 

ASTM International is a not-for-profit organization that provides a forum for the development and publication of voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems, and services (ASTM 2000). More than 20,000 members representing producers, users, ultimate consumers, and representatives of government and academia develop documents that serve as a basis for manufacturing, procurement, and regulatory activities. ASTM publishes standard test methods, specifications, practices, guides, classifications and terminology for materials, products, systems, and services (ASTM 2000). 

The NFPA was founded in 1896 to design sprinkler systems and develop techniques for their installation and maintenance. Since then. 

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The autoignition temperature is the minimum temperature required for self-sustained combustion in the absence of an external ignition source. The value depends on specified test conditions. Tht flammable (explosive) limits specify the range of concentration of the vapor in air (in percent by volume) for which a flame can propagate. Below the lower flammable limit, the gas mixture is too lean to burn above the flammable limit, the mixture is too rich. Additional compounds can be found in National Fire Protection Association, National Fire Protection Handbook, 14th ed., 1991. 

Eire Hazard Properties ofElammahle Eiquids, Gases, and Volatile Solids, Keport 325M-1984, National Fire Codes, Vol. 8, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, Mass. 

The Fire Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films, issued by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ia 1989, is the method most used by iadustrial fire-retardant finishers (ca 1993) (50). It has been approved by the American National Standards Institute. 

Manual of Hazardous Chemical Keactions No. 491, National Fire Protection Association, 1971. 

Large volumes of LPG are stored to meet peak demand during cold seasons. LPGs are both volatile and flammable and must be stored and handled in special equipment. Standards for storing and handling LPG are pubHshed by the National Fire Protection Association (5) and API (6). 

Methanol does not pose an undue toxicity hazard if handled in weU-ventilated areas, and is rated as a slight health hazard by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The TLV is 200 ppm with a STEL of 250 ppm, and the limit which is immediately dangerous to Hfe and health is 25,000 ppm. Accidental ingestion is immediately treated by inducing vomiting, followed by adrninistration of sodium bicarbonate. Rinsing with water is effective in treating external exposure. 

Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials, 7th ed.. National Fire Protection Association, Boston, Mass., 1978, pp. 49—212, 213, 225M-61,173. 

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The NFPA reactivity stabiUty range is iutegral from 0 (stable) to 4 (unstable). 

National Electrical Code, No. 70, National Fire Protection Association, Boston, Mass., 1993 Electrical Installations in Chemical Plants, No. 497A, 1992. Electrical Safety Practices, Monograph Nos. 110—113, Instmment Society of America, Research Triangle Park, N.C., 1965—1972 Electrical Safety Abstracts, 4th ed., 1972. 

The National Safety Council, National Fire Protection Association, and other similar organizations pubHsh technical information that describes general safety practices for use during the testing, handling, storage, and transport of sulfur (21,36—40). Each of these pubHcations include a Hst of references for additional health and safety information. 

Technical data. The National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Mass., 1990. 

Butadiene is primarily shipped in pressurized containers via railroads or tankers. U.S. shipments of butadiene, which is classified as a flammable compressed gas, are regulated by the Department of Transportation (254). Most other countries have adopted their own regulations (30). Other information on the handling of butadiene is also available (255). As a result of the extensive emphasis on proper and timely responses to chemical spills, a comprehensive handbook from the National Fire Protection Association is available (256). 

Frevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in the Chemical, Dje, Fharmaceutical, andFlastics Industrj, NFFM 654, National Fire Protection Association, Quiucy, Me., 1982. 

National Fire Codes N Compilation o/NFPA Codes, Standards, Kecommended Practices, Manuals, and Guides, Vol. II, National Fire Protection Association, Md., 1987. 

Volume 1 of National Fire Codes (National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts) contains recommendations (Code 30) for venting, drainage, and dike construction of tanks for flammable liquids. 

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 58, Standard for the Storage and Handhng of Liquefied Petroleum Gases... 

An annual publication. National Fire Codes for the Prevention of Lkist Explosions, is available from the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts, and should be of interest to those handling hazardous powders. 

Uniform Freight Classification Committee, Rules 40 and 41 American Bureau of Shipping National Cargo Bureau National Motor Freight Traffic Association National Motor Freight Classification National Fire Protection Association... 

NFPA Standard System for Identification of Health, Flammability, Reactivity, and Related Hazards (NFPA 704, Chaps. 2-5, 1990. This printed material is not the complete and official position of the National Fire Protection Association on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.)... 

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