Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials

Schaller KH, Angerer J. 1985. Analyses of hazardous substances in biological materials. Vol. 1. 6940 Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany VCH Verlagsesellschafft mbH, Postfach 1260/1280. 

Angerer, J.K. and Schaller, K.H., Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Vol. 1, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1985. 

Begerow J, Dunemann L and Sur R (2001) Arsenic species (As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid - determination in urine. In Angerer J and Schaller K-H, eds. Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Volume 7, pp. 97-117. Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft. Wiley-VCH Weinheim-New York. 

Schaller, K.H., Fleischer, M., Angerer, J., Lewalter, J. (1991b). Arsenic, determination in urine, in Angerer, J. and Schaller, K.H. (eds) Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Vol.3, p. 69-80, VCH Verlagsges., Weinheim. 

The adsorptive inverse voltammetric determination of vanadium is a very sensitive method with detection limits of 0.2 fig/L After a complete wet oxidative digestion of the sample the VO2+ or VO3+ is oomplexed with cupferron by pH 8.5. The complex is adsorbed over a defined period at a hanging mercury drop (HMDE). Subsequently a potential range of -0.5 V to -0.95 V was applied in the differential pulse mode to measure the peak current at around -0.75 V, The quantitative determination was carried out by means of the method of standard addition using at least three additions. The precision in series is 6.4% at a concentration of 2.5 fig/L urine and the day to day precision 3.9% at a concentration of 5//g/L urine (Seiler, 1993). A detailed description of this sensitive method is given in the 4th volume of Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials (Angerer and Schaller, 1993). 

Preferably, well-established standard methods of analysis are presented. In Germany, standard procedures for biological monitoring are published by the Working Group Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials of the Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area . Additionally, analytical methods are included, that modify former methods to improve accuracy and precision or obtain lower limits of detection. 

Antimony, Lead, Cadmium, Platinum, Mercury, Tellurium, Thallium, Bismuth, Tungsten, Tin. Determination in Urine (Inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry). Biomonitoring Methods, Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, Wiley-VCH 1999 (http //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10. l(X)2/3527600418/topics). 

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